Derived Verbs (Secondary)

Causative Verbs: -heu/-htaau

Observation
ᓂᐹᐤ ᓂᐹᐦᐁᐤ
Click here to hear this word nipaau Click here to hear this word nipaaheu
s/he sleeps s/he puts him/her to sleep

The verb ᓂᐹᐦᐁᐤ nipaaheu s/he puts him/her to sleep is made from the stem of the VAI verb ᓂᐹᐤ nipaau s/he sleeps and what is called a causative verb final -heu. There are two causative verb finals, -heu for an animate object and -htaau for an inanimate object.

Examples:

Verb Causative Verb (-heu) Causative Verb (-htaau)
ᐱᒥᐸᔫ ᐱᒥᐸᔨᐦᐁᐤ ᐱᒥᐸᔨᐦᑖᐤ
Click here to hear this word pimipayuu Click here to hear this word pimipayiheu Click here to hear this word pimipayihtaau
s/he travels by vehicule s/he drives him/her s/he drives it
ᓂᐴ ᓂᐸᐦᐁᐤ ᓂᐸᐦᑖᐤ
Click here to hear this word nipuu Click here to hear this word nipiheu Click here to hear this word nipihtaau
s/he dies s/he kills him/her s/he kills it
ᒦᒋᓲ ᒦᒋᓲᐦᐁᐤ
Click here to hear this word miichisu Click here to hear this word miichisuuheu
s/he eats s/he makes him/her eat

Some causative formations are irregular:

Verb Causative Verb (-heu) Causative Verb (-taau)
ᒫᑑ ᒨᐦᐁᐤ
Click here to hear this word maatu Click here to hear this word muuheu
s/he cries s/he makes him/her cry
ᒥᓂᐦᐧᑫᐤ ᒥᓂᐦᐁᐤ
Click here to hear this word minihkweu Click here to hear this word miniheu
s/he drinks s/he gives him/her a drink
ᐋᐦᑯᓲ᙮ ᐋᐦᑯᐦᐁᐤ ᐋᐦᑯᐦᑖᐤ
Click here to hear this word aahkusuu Click here to hear this word aahkuheu Click here to hear this word aahkuhtaau
s/he is sick s/he hurts him/her s/he harms it (ex. his arm)