{"id":776,"date":"2010-01-06T11:57:47","date_gmt":"2010-01-06T16:57:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/eastcree\/?page_id=776"},"modified":"2017-07-17T21:10:37","modified_gmt":"2017-07-18T01:10:37","slug":"vta-theme-suffix","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/en\/grammar\/southern-dialect\/verbs\/cree-verb-classes\/vta\/vta-theme-suffix\/","title":{"rendered":"VTA Theme Suffix"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

<\/a>The Selection of Theme Suffix in VTA verbs<\/h1>\r\n
Observation<\/caption>\r\n
<\/strong>\u148b\u1427\u140b\u1438\u14a5\u14d0\u166e<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nchiwaapamin.<\/td>\r\nyou see me.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
<\/strong>\u148b\u1427\u140b\u1438\u14a5\u144e\u14d0\u166e<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nchiwaapamit<\/strong>in.<\/td>\r\nI see you.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

The it<\/span> in the second example above is called a theme suffix. The difference between these two examples is that the theme suffix –it<\/span> appears in \u148b\u1427\u140b\u1438\u14a5\u144e\u14d0<\/span> chiwaapamit<\/strong>in<\/span> I see you<\/span> and not in \u148b\u1427\u140b\u1438\u14a5\u14d0<\/span> chiwaapamin<\/span> you see me.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

There are three transitive animate theme suffixes, which follow the TA verb stem: -it<\/span>, -aa<\/span>, -e<\/span>, and -ikw\/-iku<\/span>. it<\/span> is used only when first persons ( \u14c3<\/span> nii<\/span> I<\/span>, \u14c3\u152e\u14d0<\/span> niiyaan<\/span> we<\/span>) are actors and the second persons ( \u148c<\/span> chii<\/span> you<\/span>, \u148c\u152e\u14c5<\/span> chiiyaanuu<\/span> we including you<\/span>, \u148c\u1427\u140b\u1424<\/span> chiiwaau<\/span> you all<\/span>) are goals. -aa<\/span> and -ikw\/-iku<\/span> are used in all combinations with third persons.<\/p>\r\n
Southern Dialect<\/strong><\/td>\r\nEnglish<\/strong><\/td>\r\nActor<\/strong><\/td>\r\nRank<\/strong><\/td>\r\nGoal<\/strong><\/td>\r\nPrefix<\/strong><\/td>\r\nTheme Suffix<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
<\/strong>\u148b\u1427\u140b\u1438\u14a5\u14d0<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nchiwaapamin<\/td>\r\nyou see me.<\/td>\r\n2<\/td>\r\n><\/td>\r\n1<\/td>\r\n\u148b<\/td>\r\nchi<\/td>\r\n–<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
<\/strong>\u148b\u1427\u140b\u1438\u14a5\u144e\u14d0<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nchiwaapamit<\/strong>in<\/td>\r\nI see you.<\/td>\r\n1<\/td>\r\n<<\/td>\r\n2<\/td>\r\n\u148b<\/td>\r\nchi<\/td>\r\nit<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u148b\u1427\u140b\u1438\u14a5\u14c8\u1427\u140b\u1424<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nchiwaapaminaawaau<\/td>\r\nyou all see me.<\/td>\r\n2<\/td>\r\n><\/td>\r\n1<\/td>\r\n\u148b<\/td>\r\nchi<\/td>\r\n–<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u148b\u1427\u140b\u1438\u14a5\u144e\u14c8\u1427\u140b\u1424<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nchiwaapamit<\/strong>inaawaau<\/td>\r\nI see you all.<\/td>\r\n1<\/td>\r\n<<\/td>\r\n2<\/td>\r\n\u148b<\/td>\r\nchi<\/td>\r\nit<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u148b\u1427\u140b\u1438\u14a5\u14c8\u14d0<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nchiwaapaminaan<\/td>\r\nyou see us.<\/td>\r\n2<\/td>\r\n><\/td>\r\n1<\/td>\r\n\u148b<\/td>\r\nchi<\/td>\r\n–<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u148b\u1427\u140b\u1438\u14a5\u144e\u14c8\u14d0<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nchiwaapamit<\/strong>inaan<\/td>\r\nwe see you.<\/td>\r\n1<\/td>\r\n<<\/td>\r\n2<\/td>\r\n\u148b<\/td>\r\nchi<\/td>\r\nit<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u148b\u1427\u140b\u1438\u14ab\u1424<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nchiwaapamaa<\/strong>u<\/td>\r\nyou see her.<\/td>\r\n2<\/td>\r\n><\/td>\r\n3<\/td>\r\n\u148b<\/td>\r\nchi<\/td>\r\naa<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u148b\u1427\u140b\u1438\u14a5\u1484<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nchiwaapamikw<\/strong><\/td>\r\nshe sees you.<\/td>\r\n3<\/td>\r\n<<\/td>\r\n2<\/td>\r\n\u148b<\/td>\r\nchi<\/td>\r\nikw<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u14c2\u1427\u140b\u1438\u14ab\u1424<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nniwaapamaa<\/strong>u<\/td>\r\nI see her.<\/td>\r\n1<\/td>\r\n><\/td>\r\n3<\/td>\r\n\u14c2<\/td>\r\nni<\/td>\r\naa<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u14c2\u1427\u140b\u1438\u14a5\u1484<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nniwaapamikw<\/strong><\/td>\r\nshe sees me.<\/td>\r\n3<\/td>\r\n<<\/td>\r\n1<\/td>\r\n\u14c2<\/td>\r\nni<\/td>\r\nikw<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1427\u140b\u1438\u14a3\u1424<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nwaapameu<\/td>\r\nshe sees him (the other).<\/td>\r\n3<\/td>\r\n><\/td>\r\n3′<\/td>\r\n–<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\naa<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1427\u140b\u1438\u14a5\u1470<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nwaapamiku<\/strong>u<\/td>\r\nhe (the other) sees her.<\/td>\r\n3′<\/td>\r\n<<\/td>\r\n3<\/td>\r\n–<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\niku<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

[for the plural third persons combinations see the Conjugation Tables<\/a>]<\/p>\r\n

The theme suffix it<\/span> appears in independent and conjunct verb forms for 1>2 person combinations. The direct theme suffix aa\/e<\/span> and the inverse theme suffix iku\/ikw<\/span> appear in the independent, and some conjunct verb forms for third persons combinations.<\/p>\r\n

Direct and Inverse in TA verbs<\/h4>\r\n

When the actor of a TA verb outranks the goal on the person hierarchy, we can speak of a “direct” relationship. When the goal outranks the actor on the person hierarchy, then we speak of an “inverse” relationship. The theme suffix aa<\/span> is thus also called the Direct suffix , while the theme suffixes it<\/span> and iku\/ikw<\/span> are called the Inverse suffixes.<\/p>

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