{"id":754,"date":"2010-01-05T22:18:29","date_gmt":"2010-01-06T03:18:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/eastcree\/?page_id=754"},"modified":"2017-07-25T14:28:56","modified_gmt":"2017-07-25T18:28:56","slug":"vai-explicit","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/en\/grammar\/southern-dialect\/verbs\/cree-verb-classes\/vai\/vai-explicit\/","title":{"rendered":"VAI with Explicit Goals"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\t \t \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h1 class=\"pg-title\"><a name=\"top\"><\/a>VAI with explicit goals<\/h1>\r\n<p>Some verbs that look like VAI verbs in their word structure can nevertheless take a second role (an object or a goal). Some can be used as intransitive verbs, or as transitive verbs.<\/p>\r\n<ul><li>VAI with explicit goals that can be <a href=\"#AI\">animate or inanimate<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li>VAI with explicit goals that can be <a href=\"#I\">only inanimate<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul><h3 class=\"head\"><a name=\"AI\"><\/a>VAI with explicit goals that can be animate or inanimate<\/h3>\r\n<table><caption>Observation<\/caption>\r\n<tbody><tr><td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u14a5\u14c2\u1426\u1427\u146b\u1424\u166e<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 18px;\"><img class=\"clickable\" title=\"Click here to hear this word\" data-sound-url=\"\/snd\/grammar\/SVe\/SV-085.mp3\" src=\"\/img\/speak.gif\" alt=\"Click here to hear this word\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"crex\">minihkweu.<\/td>\r\n<td>&#8216;S\/he is drinking.&#8217;<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u14a5\u14c2\u1426\u1427\u146b\u1424 \u144f\u152b\u166e<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 18px;\"><img class=\"clickable\" title=\"Click here to hear this word\" data-sound-url=\"\/snd\/grammar\/SVe\/SV-086.mp3\" src=\"\/img\/speak.gif\" alt=\"Click here to hear this word\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"crex\">minihkweu tiiyuu.<\/td>\r\n<td>&#8216;S\/he is drinking tea.&#8217;<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u14a5\u14c2\u1426\u1427\u146b\u1424 \u148e\u148e\u1511\u14c8\u1433\u1403\u1426\u166e<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 18px;\"><img class=\"clickable\" title=\"Click here to hear this word\" data-sound-url=\"\/snd\/grammar\/SVe\/SV-087.mp3\" src=\"\/img\/speak.gif\" alt=\"Click here to hear this word\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"crex\">minihkweu chuuchuushinaapuih.<\/td>\r\n<td>&#8216;S\/he is drinking milk.&#8217;<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>There are some VAI with explicit goals whose goals can be either animate or inanimate, and only be third persons.<\/p>\r\n<p>Examples:<\/p>\r\n<table class=\"clear\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u1431\u14a5\u1438\u1426\u1427\u1456\u1424\u166e<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 18px;\"><img class=\"clickable\" title=\"Click here to hear this word\" data-sound-url=\"\/snd\/grammar\/SVe\/SV-088.mp3\" src=\"\/img\/speak.gif\" alt=\"Click here to hear this word\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"crex\">pimipahtwaau.<\/td>\r\n<td>&#8216;She runs carrying it.&#8217;<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u1431\u14a5\u1438\u1426\u1427\u1456\u1424 \u14a5\u1525\u144e\u146f\u152b\u166e<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 18px;\"><img class=\"clickable\" title=\"Click here to hear this word\" data-sound-url=\"\/snd\/grammar\/SVe\/SV-089.mp3\" src=\"\/img\/speak.gif\" alt=\"Click here to hear this word\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"crex\">pimipahtwaau mishtikuyuu.<\/td>\r\n<td>&#8216;She runs carrying the stick.&#8217;<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u1431\u14a5\u1438\u1426\u1427\u1456\u1424 \u1405\u1455\u1427\u140b\u1512\u14bb\u1426\u166e<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 18px;\"><img class=\"clickable\" title=\"Click here to hear this word\" data-sound-url=\"\/snd\/grammar\/SVe\/SV-090.mp3\" src=\"\/img\/speak.gif\" alt=\"Click here to hear this word\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"crex\">pimipahtwaau utawaashiimh.<\/td>\r\n<td>&#8216;She runs carrying her baby.&#8217;<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><h3 class=\"head\"><a name=\"I\"><\/a>VAI with explicit goals that can be only inanimate<\/h3>\r\n<table><caption>Observation<\/caption>\r\n<tbody><tr><td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u14c2\u1432\u1405\u1426\u1456\u1424\u166e<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 18px;\"><img class=\"clickable\" title=\"Click here to hear this word\" data-sound-url=\"\/snd\/grammar\/SVe\/SV-091.mp3\" src=\"\/img\/speak.gif\" alt=\"Click here to hear this word\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"crex\">nipiiuhtaau.<\/td>\r\n<td>&#8216;S\/he wets it.&#8217;<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u14c2\u1432\u1405\u1426\u1456\u1424 \u1405\u1473\u14c2\u148c\u14bb\u166e<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 18px;\"><img class=\"clickable\" title=\"Click here to hear this word\" data-sound-url=\"\/snd\/grammar\/SVe\/SV-092.mp3\" src=\"\/img\/speak.gif\" alt=\"Click here to hear this word\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"crex\">nipiiuhtaau ukaanichiim.<\/td>\r\n<td>&#8216;She wets her (own) sweater.&#8217;<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>Some VAI like <span class=\"bjct\">\u14c2\u1432\u1405\u1426\u1456\u1424<\/span> <span class=\"crt\">nipiiuhtaau<\/span> in the example above, can take an inanimate noun as a goal or object (the inanimate noun <span class=\"bjct\">\u1405\u1473\u14c2\u148c\u14bb<\/span> <span class=\"crt\">ukaanichiim<\/span>). Such VAI verbs with explicit inanimate goals are sometimes called by linguists &#8220;pseudo-transitive verbs&#8221; or VTI 2. If they make their passive or unspecified actor forms like VTI verbs, in <span class=\"crt\">-kanuu<\/span>, we call them <a title=\"VAI + O\" href=\"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/en\/grammar\/southern-dialect\/verbs\/cree-verb-classes\/vai-o\/\">VAI+O<\/a>. Other verbs, still make their unspecified actor form in <span class=\"crt\">-nuu<\/span>, like regular <a title=\"VAI\" href=\"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/en\/grammar\/southern-dialect\/verbs\/cree-verb-stems\/vai\/\">VAI<\/a> but nevertheless can take an inanimate goal, like <span class=\"bjct\">\u14a6\u148e<\/span> <span class=\"crt\">miichuu<\/span> below.<\/p>\r\n<table class=\"clear\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u14a6\u148e\u166e<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 18px;\"><img class=\"clickable\" title=\"Click here to hear this word\" data-sound-url=\"\/snd\/grammar\/SVe\/SV-093.mp3\" src=\"\/img\/speak.gif\" alt=\"Click here to hear this word\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"crex\">miichuu.<\/td>\r\n<td>&#8216;She eats it.&#8217;<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u14a6\u148e \u1427\u1403\u152e\u14ef\u152b\u166e<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 18px;\"><img class=\"clickable\" title=\"Click here to hear this word\" data-sound-url=\"\/snd\/grammar\/SVe\/SV-094.mp3\" src=\"\/img\/speak.gif\" alt=\"Click here to hear this word\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"crex\">miichuu wiyaasiyuu. .<\/td>\r\n<td>&#8216;She eats meat (inanimate).&#8217;<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>They have corresponding VTA forms if an animate goal is used. For example:<\/p>\r\n<table class=\"clear\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u14a7\u1427\u1401\u1424 \u140b\u1403\u1426\u146f\u14c8\u1424\u1426\u166e<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 18px;\"><img class=\"clickable\" title=\"Click here to hear this word\" data-sound-url=\"\/snd\/grammar\/SVe\/SV-096.mp3\" src=\"\/img\/speak.gif\" alt=\"Click here to hear this word\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"crex\">muweu aaihkunaauh.<\/td>\r\n<td>She eats bannock (animate)&#8217;<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><div id=\"cite\" style=\"z-index: 2000000; display: none; position: fixed; top: 0; right: 0; left: 0; bottom: 0;\">\t \t \r\n\r\n<div style=\"z-index: 2000000; position: fixed; background: rgba(0,0,0,0.5); top: 0; right: 0; left: 0; bottom: 0;\" onclick=\"document.getElementById('cite').style.display='none';\"><\/div>\t \t \r\n\r\n<div style=\"z-index: 5000000; position: relative; margin: 10% auto; width: 800px; min-height: 200px; max-height:600px; background-color: white; border-radius: 1em; padding: 1em 2em;\">\t \t \r\n\r\n<button class=\"closeButton close\" title=\"close\" style=\"float:right; max-height: 14px;\" onclick=\"document.getElementById('cite').style.display='none';\"><\/button>\t \t \r\n\r\n<table style=\"max-width: 100%;\"><tbody><tr><td style=\"font-weight: bold;\">APA:<\/td>\t \t \r\n\r\n<td>Junker, M.-O., Blacksmith, L., &amp; MacKenzie, M. (2015). <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">East Cree Verbs (Southern Dialect).<\/span> [Revised and expanded from 2006 original and 2013 revised edition] In The Interactive East Cree Reference Grammar. Retrieved from <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">[URL]<\/span><\/td>\t \t \r\n\r\n<\/tr><tr><td>\u00a0<\/td>\t \t \r\n\r\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\t \t \r\n\r\n<\/tr><tr><td style=\"font-weight: bold;\">MLA:<\/td>\t \t \r\n\r\n<td>Marie-Odile Junker, Louise Blacksmith and Marguerite MacKenzie. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">East Cree Verbs (Southern Dialect).<\/span> [Revised and expanded from 2006 original and 2013 revised edition] In The Interactive East Cree Reference Grammar. 2015. Web. <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">[date]<\/span><\/td>\t \t \r\n\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p style=\"font-size: 0.8em; padding-left:20px;\"> <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">[URL]<\/span> = website address, beginning with \u201chttp:\/\/\u201d<br><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">[Date]<\/span> = the date you accessed the page, styled as follows: 13 Dec. 2015<\/p>\t \t \r\n\r\n<\/div>\t \t \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"VAI with explicit goals Some verbs that look like VAI verbs in their word structure can nevertheless take a second role (an object or a goal). Some can be used as intransitive verbs, or as transitive verbs. VAI with explicit goals that can be animate or inanimate VAI with explicit goals that can be only&#8230;  <a  class=\" btn btn-lg btn-primary \" href=\"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/en\/grammar\/southern-dialect\/verbs\/cree-verb-classes\/vai\/vai-explicit\/\">Read the full article&#8230;<\/a>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":752,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/754"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=754"}],"version-history":[{"count":34,"href":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/754\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13152,"href":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/754\/revisions\/13152"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/752"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=754"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}