{"id":744,"date":"2010-01-05T21:39:08","date_gmt":"2010-01-06T02:39:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/eastcree\/?page_id=744"},"modified":"2017-07-17T21:10:37","modified_gmt":"2017-07-18T01:10:37","slug":"cree-verb-classes","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/en\/grammar\/southern-dialect\/verbs\/cree-verb-classes\/","title":{"rendered":"Cree Verb Classes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\t \t \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

<\/a>Cree Verb Classes<\/h1>\r\n
Observation<\/caption>\r\n
\u14aa\u14ef\u14c7\u1426\u1427\u1401\u1424\u166e<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nmasinahweu.<\/td>\r\nShe writes him (his name) down.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u14aa\u14ef\u14c7\u1426\u140a\u14bb\u166e<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nmasinaham.<\/td>\r\nShe is writing it.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u14aa\u14ef\u14c8\u14f2\u166e<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nmasinaasuu.<\/td>\r\nShe (her name) is written down.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u14aa\u14ef\u14c8\u144c\u1424\u166e<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nmasinaateu.<\/td>\r\nIt is written.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

Where English uses the same verb to write<\/em>, Cree makes a difference depending on two factors: transitivity<\/a> and gender<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n

Based on the number of roles that a verb has and the gender (animate, inanimate) of these roles, four main classes of verbs can be established.<\/p>\r\n
<\/td>\r\nAnimate<\/strong><\/td>\r\nInanimate<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
One Role (Intransitive)<\/strong><\/td>\r\nAnimate Intransitive (VAI)<\/td>\r\nInanimate Intransitive (VII)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u14aa\u14ef\u14c8\u14f2\u166e<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nmasinaasuu.<\/td>\r\n\u14aa\u14ef\u14c8\u144c\u1424\u166e<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nmasinaateu.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
Two Roles (Transitive)<\/strong><\/td>\r\nTransitive Animate (VTA)<\/td>\r\nTransitive Inanimate (VTI)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u14aa\u14ef\u14c7\u1426\u1427\u1401\u1424\u166e<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nmasinahweu.<\/td>\r\n\u14aa\u14ef\u14c7\u1426\u140a\u14bb\u166e<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nmasinaham.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

Most verbs will have specific forms for each of these classes: VII<\/a>, VTI<\/a>, VTA<\/a> or VAI<\/a>, identified by different endings and different stems (see the pages on Verb Stems<\/a> and Verb Inflection<\/a>).<\/p>\r\n

The following Cree definitions are suggested for these four classes:<\/p>\r\n
Verb<\/th>\r\n\u1403\u1426\u1450\u1427\u1403\u14d0<\/th>\r\n<\/th>\r\nihtuwin<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
VII (Inanimate Intransitive)<\/td>\r\n\u1401 \u1403\u1505\u1438\u1528\u1426\u14a1\/\u1401 \u1403\u1511\u14c8\u146f\u1426\u14a1 \u1489\u1427\u1473\u14d0\u166e<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\ne ispayihch\/e ishinaakuhch chekwaan.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
VAI (Animate Intransitive)<\/td>\r\n\u1401 \u1403\u1426\u144e\u1466 \u140a\u1427\u1401\u14d0\u166e<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\ne ihtit awen.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
VTI (Transitive Inanimate)<\/td>\r\n\u1401 \u1403\u1426\u1451\u1455\u1426\u1483 \u1489\u1427\u1473\u152b\u166e<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\ne ihtuutahk chekwaayuu.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
VTA (Transitive Animate)<\/td>\r\n\u1401 \u1403\u1426\u1451\u1455\u1427\u140b\u1466 \u140a\u1427\u1401\u152b\u1426\u166e<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\ne ihtuutawaat aweyuuh<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

All verbs in the Cree dictionary are classified according to those classes, plus an additional one called VAI+O<\/a>: Verb Animate Intransitive plus Object.<\/p>

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