{"id":6331,"date":"2011-08-16T15:26:31","date_gmt":"2011-08-16T19:26:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/?page_id=6331"},"modified":"2017-09-13T11:36:47","modified_gmt":"2017-09-13T15:36:47","slug":"particles","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/en\/grammar\/southern-dialect\/particles\/","title":{"rendered":"Particles"},"content":{"rendered":"

Particles<\/h1>\n\n\n\n\n
Observation<\/caption>\n
\u14c4\u1427\u1403\u14a1 \u1427\u1401\u1525\u1472\u14a1 \u1473 \u140b\u1426\u146f\u14ef\u1466\u166e<\/td>\n<\/td>\nnuwich\u00a0weshkach\u00a0kaa aahkusit.<\/td>\nS\/he has been sick for a long time.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u146e\u1439 \u1473 \u1427\u140b\u1438\u14aa\u1483\u166e<\/td>\n<\/td>\nkiipaa\u00a0kaa waapamak.<\/td>\nOf course I saw him.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

The words\u00a0\u1427\u1401\u1525\u1472\u14a1<\/span>\u00a0weshkach<\/span>\u00a0and\u00a0\u146e\u1439<\/span>\u00a0kiipaa<\/span>\u00a0in the sentences above are called particles.<\/p>\n

Particles are small words (ayimuwinisha<\/span>) that always stay the same (unlike nouns and verbs that take inflection, particles do not take inflection). They can have many different meanings, used to modify the meaning of the verb or the sentence. They work like what is called adverbs, conjunctions or interjections in English or French.<\/p>\n

In the Cree dictionary, particles (p) were classified in the following sub-categories, based on their meaning types.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Particle Type<\/th>\nMeaning<\/th>\nExample<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
affirmative<\/td>\nwords for saying ‘yes’ or expressing agreement<\/td>\n\u1401\u1426\u1401<\/td>\nehe<\/td>\nyes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
conjunction<\/td>\nused to join phrases and sentences, ‘and, or, but’<\/td>\n\u1472\u1526\u1426<\/td>\nkayeh<\/td>\nalso<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
dem, (focus,) location<\/td>\nwords used for pointing to a place (sometimes with focus)<\/td>\n\u14c0\u144c\u1426<\/td>\nneteh<\/td>\nway over there<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
emphasis<\/td>\nno specific meaning but adds emphasis to other words<\/td>\n\u1427\u1401\u1505<\/td>\nwes<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
evaluative<\/td>\nwords that give a judgement on a situation, ‘for sure, unnecessary’<\/td>\n\u1489\u1513\u1419\u1466<\/td>\ncheshuwaat<\/td>\nsince at least, lucky that<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
interjection<\/td>\nwords that are often said as an exclamation, ‘listen!, look!, try!’ and politeness words, ‘hello, thank you’<\/td>\n\u140a\u1427\u140a\u1505<\/td>\nawas<\/td>\naway!, be gone!, get away!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
location<\/td>\nincludes prepositions ‘below, on top’, adverbs ‘on one side, upwind’ and directions ‘east’<\/td>\n\u14c3\u1473\u14d0<\/td>\nniikaan<\/td>\nin front, ahead<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
manner<\/td>\nadverbial words like ‘very, incorrectly, secretly’<\/td>\n\u14a3\u14a3\u1426\u14a1<\/td>\nmemehch<\/td>\nin many different ways<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
negative<\/td>\nwords for saying ‘no, not’<\/td>\n\u1401\u1473<\/td>\neka<\/td>\nnot, unless<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
number<\/td>\nnumbers<\/td>\n\u146f\u1427\u1456\u1513\u1516\u1449<\/td>\nkutwaashushaap<\/td>\nsixteen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
quantity<\/td>\namounts like ‘four pounds, three times’ and adverbs like ‘a lot, all, some’<\/td>\n\u140b\u1431\u1426\u1451<\/td>\naapihtuu<\/td>\nhalf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
question<\/td>\nwords like ‘when’ and the yes-no question marker\u00a0aa<\/span><\/td>\n\u1489\u1484<\/td>\nchekw<\/td>\nwhich, which one?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
time<\/td>\nincludes prepositions ‘before’, adverbs ‘sometimes’ and time expressions ‘last summer’<\/td>\n\u1489\u1505\u1472\u1466<\/td>\ncheskat<\/td>\noften<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Warning: Some particles can be identical (homonymous) to corresponding\u00a0preverb\u00a0or \u00a0initial.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Particles Observation \u14c4\u1427\u1403\u14a1 \u1427\u1401\u1525\u1472\u14a1 \u1473 \u140b\u1426\u146f\u14ef\u1466\u166e nuwich\u00a0weshkach\u00a0kaa aahkusit. S\/he has been sick for a long time. \u146e\u1439 \u1473 \u1427\u140b\u1438\u14aa\u1483\u166e kiipaa\u00a0kaa waapamak. Of course I saw him. The words\u00a0\u1427\u1401\u1525\u1472\u14a1\u00a0weshkach\u00a0and\u00a0\u146e\u1439\u00a0kiipaa\u00a0in the sentences above are called particles. Particles are small words (ayimuwinisha) that always stay the same (unlike nouns and verbs that take inflection, particles do not take… Read the full article…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":89,"menu_order":26,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6331"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6331"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6331\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13265,"href":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6331\/revisions\/13265"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/89"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6331"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}