{"id":5933,"date":"2011-11-06T19:28:32","date_gmt":"2011-11-07T00:28:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/"},"modified":"2017-07-17T21:10:39","modified_gmt":"2017-07-18T01:10:39","slug":"compound-nouns-a1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/en\/grammar\/northern-dialect\/word-formation\/noun-structure\/compound-nouns-a1\/","title":{"rendered":"Noun Stem + Noun Stem"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

<\/a>Compound Nouns<\/h1>\r\n

Noun + Noun<\/h3>\r\n
Observation<\/caption>\r\n
\u14a5\u1525\u144e\u1484<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n\u14c8\u1439\u1424<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n\u14a5\u1525\u144e\u146f\u14c8\u1439\u1424<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
mishtikw<\/td>\r\n+<\/td>\r\nnaapaau<\/td>\r\n=<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nmishtikunaapaau<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
wood<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nman<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\ncarpenter<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

The noun \u14a5\u1525\u144e\u146f\u14c8\u1439\u1424<\/span> mishtikunaapaau<\/span> is made up of two nouns: the words \u14a5\u1525\u144e\u1484<\/span> mishtikw<\/span> and the word \u14c8\u1439\u1424<\/span> naapau<\/span>. Such a noun is called a compound noun. It is made by adding two nouns together. There can be other ways of making compound nouns. In [noun + noun] compounds, the independent (long) forms of the noun are joined together. The compound noun has the second noun as its head, which means, for example, that a \u14a5\u1525\u144e\u146f\u14c8\u1439\u1424<\/span> mishtikunaapaau<\/span> is a type of \u14c8\u1439\u1424<\/span> naapaau<\/span>. The second noun is the one that gives its gender (animate or inanimate) to the compound noun. Therefore, the noun \u14a5\u1525\u144e\u146f\u14c8\u1439\u1424<\/span> mishtikunaapaau<\/span> is animate because \u14c8\u1439\u1424<\/span> naapaau<\/span> is animate.<\/p>\r\n
Noun<\/th>\r\n<\/th>\r\nNoun<\/th>\r\n<\/th>\r\n<\/th>\r\nNoun<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1427\u140b\u1433\u1513\u152e\u14d0<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n\u14c2\u1439\u146d\u14d0<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n\u1427\u140b\u1433\u1513\u152e\u14c2\u1439\u146d\u14d0<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
waapushuyaan<\/td>\r\n+<\/td>\r\nnipaakin<\/td>\r\n=<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nwaapushuyaanipaakin<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
rabbitskin<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nblanket<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nrabbitskin blanket<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1427\u140b\u1431\u1525\u1456\u14d0<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n\u1427\u1403\u14c2\u1426\u1404\u146d\u14d0<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n\u1427\u140b\u1431\u1525\u1456\u14c2\u1427\u1403\u14c2\u1426\u1404\u146d\u14d0<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
waapishtaan<\/td>\r\n+<\/td>\r\nwinihiikin<\/td>\r\n=<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nwaapishtaaniwinihiikin<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
marten<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\ntrap<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nmarten trap<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u14c2\u1505\u1483<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n\u14ab\u1525\u1456\u1484<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n\u14c2\u1505\u146d\u14ab\u1525\u1456\u1484<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
nisk<\/td>\r\n+<\/td>\r\n(n)imaashtaakw<\/td>\r\n=<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nniskimaashtaakw<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
goose<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nsmoke-dried carcass<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\ndried goose<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u14c2\u14ab\u1505<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n\u14c2\u14ab\u1525\u1456\u1484<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n\u14c2\u14ab\u14ef\u14ab\u1525\u1456\u1484<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
nimaas<\/td>\r\n+<\/td>\r\n(n)imaashtaakw<\/td>\r\n=<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nnimaasimaashtaakw<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
fish<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nsmoke-dried carcass<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\ndried fish<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u14c2\u14a5\u1505\u148c\u1424<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n\u1403\u1525\u146f\u144c\u1424<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n\u14c2\u14a5\u1505\u148c\u1405\u1525\u146f\u144c\u1424<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
nimischiiu<\/td>\r\n+<\/td>\r\nishkutaau<\/td>\r\n=<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nnimischiiushkutaau<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
thunder<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nfire<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nelectricity<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u14a5\u1525\u144e\u1484<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n\u14c8\u1439\u1424<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n\u14a5\u1525\u144e\u146f\u14c8\u1439\u1424<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
mishtikw<\/td>\r\n+<\/td>\r\nnaapaau<\/td>\r\n=<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nmishtikunaapaau<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
wood<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nman<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\ncarpenter<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1431\u152e\u14ef\u1424<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n(\u1405)\u1432\u1427\u1404\u1426<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n\u1431\u152e\u14ef\u1405\u1432\u1427\u1404\u1426<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
piyaasiu<\/td>\r\n+<\/td>\r\n(u)piiwiih<\/td>\r\n=<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\npiyaasiupiiwiih<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
fowl<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n(his\/her\/its) feather<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nfowl feather<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u148b\u1525\u1450\u1426\u148b\u146d\u14d0<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n\u1431\u148b\u1424<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n\u148b\u1525\u1450\u1426\u148b\u146d\u14c2\u1431\u148b\u1424<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
chishtuhchikin<\/td>\r\n+<\/td>\r\npichiu<\/td>\r\n=<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nchishtuhchikinipichiu<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
violin<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\ngum<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nviolin resin<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u14c2\u1432<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n\u140a\u1505\u148b\u1426\u1484<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n\u14c2\u1432\u1405\u1505\u148b\u1426\u1484<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
nipii<\/td>\r\n+<\/td>\r\naschihkw<\/td>\r\n=<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nnipiiuschihkw<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
water<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nbucket<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nwater bucket<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1431\u14a6<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n\u140a\u1505\u148b\u1426\u1484<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n\u1431\u14a6\u1405\u1505\u148b\u1426\u1484<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
pimii<\/td>\r\n+<\/td>\r\naschihkw<\/td>\r\n=<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\npimiiuschihkw<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
grease<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nbucket<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\ngrease bucket<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

Sometimes the nouns themselves are already compounded or derived, either the left noun or the right noun:<\/p>\r\n
\u1403\u1525\u146f\u1456\u1424<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n[ \u1405\u1456\u1439\u14d0 + \u140b\u1505\u1484 ]<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n\u1403\u1525\u146f\u1456\u1405\u1456\u1439\u14c8\u1505\u1484<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
ishkutaau<\/td>\r\n+<\/td>\r\n[ utaapaan + aaskw ]<\/td>\r\n=<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nishkutaautaapaanaaskw<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
fire<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n[ vehicle + long and rigid ]<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nfire truck<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
[ \u14a5\u1525\u144e\u1427\u1473\u14d0 + \u1432\u1427\u1404 ]<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n\u14f2\u1449<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n\u14a5\u1525\u144e\u1427\u1473\u14c2\u1432\u1427\u1404\u14f2\u1449<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
[mishtikwaan + piiwii]<\/td>\r\n+<\/td>\r\nsuup<\/td>\r\n=<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nmishtikwaanipiiwiisuup<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
[ head + hair ]<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nsoap<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nshampoo<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
[ \u1403\u1525\u146f\u1456\u1424 + \u1405\u1456\u1439\u14d0 ]<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n\u14ab\u1505\u146d\u14c2\u1424<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n\u1403\u1525\u146f\u144c\u1405\u1456\u1439\u14c2\u14ab\u1505\u146d\u14c2\u1424<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
[ ishkutaau + utaapaan ]<\/td>\r\n+<\/td>\r\nmaaskiniu<\/td>\r\n=<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nishkutaautaapaanimaaskiniu<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
[ fire+vehicule ]<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\npath<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\ntrain track<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

Sometimes a shorter form of the noun in final position is used. For example, the noun \u14c8\u1456\u1424<\/span> naapaau<\/span>, also has a short form \u140b\u1439\u1424<\/span> -aapaau<\/span>, which is used to create the word \u140a\u144e\u1426\u1427\u1473\u1439\u1424<\/span> atihkwaapaau<\/span> caribou man<\/span>. The short form for \u14a5\u1505\u148b\u14ef\u14d0<\/span> mischisin<\/span> is \u1403\u1505\u148b\u14ef\u14d0<\/span> -ischisin<\/span>.<\/p>\r\n
\u140a\u144e\u1426\u1484<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n\u140b\u1439\u1424<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n\u140a\u144e\u1426\u1427\u1473\u1439\u1424<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
atihkw<\/td>\r\n+<\/td>\r\naapaau<\/td>\r\n=<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\natihkwaapaau<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
caribou<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nman<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\ncaribou man<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u14a8\u14f1\u152e\u14d0<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n\u1403\u1505\u148b\u14ef\u14d0<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n\u14a8\u14f1\u152e\u14c2\u1505\u148b\u14ef\u14d0<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
muusuyaan<\/td>\r\n+<\/td>\r\nischisin<\/td>\r\n=<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nmuusuyaanischisin<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
moosehide<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nshoe<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nmoosehide moccasin<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

Dependent Noun + Noun<\/h3>\r\n

A dependent noun is one which always shows up with a personal prefix.\u00a0 They are mostly either body parts or kinship terms, but there are a few others such as \u14a6\u1427\u1403\u1466<\/span> miiwit<\/span> suitcase, container, box<\/span> and \u14a6\u14a1<\/span> miich<\/span> home<\/span>. They may form the first element of a compound noun but it seems to be mainly body part nouns which do so.<\/p>\r\n
\u14a5\u1525\u144e\u1427\u1473\u14d0<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n\u1432\u1427\u1404\u1426<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n\u14a5\u1525\u144e\u1427\u1473\u14c2\u1432\u1427\u1404\u1426<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
mishtikwaan<\/td>\r\n+<\/td>\r\npiiwiih<\/td>\r\n=<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nmishtikwaanipiiwiih<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
head<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nhair\/fur\/feathers<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nhair<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u14a5\u146f\u152b<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n\u140a\u146f\u1426\u1449<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n\u14a5\u146f\u1528\u1427\u140b\u146f\u1426\u1449<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
mikuyu<\/td>\r\n+<\/td>\r\nakuhp<\/td>\r\n=<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nmikuyiwaaukuhp<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
neck<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\ncoat<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nparka<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u14a5\u1525\u144e\u1427\u1473\u14d0<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n\u14c2\u1450\u1426\u146f\u1528\u14d0<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n\u14a5\u1525\u144e\u1427\u1473\u14c2\u1450\u1426\u146f\u1528\u14d0<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
mishtikwaan<\/td>\r\n+<\/td>\r\nnituhkuyin<\/td>\r\n=<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nmishtikwaanituhkuyin<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
head<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nmedicine<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nhead-ache pain-reliever<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u14a6\u1431\u1466<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n\u14c2\u1450\u1426\u146f\u1528\u14d0<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n\u14a6\u1431\u144e\u14c2\u1450\u1426\u146f\u1528\u14d0<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
miipit<\/td>\r\n+<\/td>\r\nnituhkuyin<\/td>\r\n=<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nmiipitinituhkuyin<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
tooth<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nmedicine<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\ntooth-ache pain-reliever<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u14a5\u1426\u1451\u1472\u1403<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n\u14c2\u1450\u1426\u146f\u1528\u14d0<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n\u14a5\u1426\u1451\u1472\u1528\u14c2\u1450\u1426\u146f\u1528\u14d0<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
mihtuukai<\/td>\r\n+<\/td>\r\nnituhkuyin<\/td>\r\n=<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nmihtuukayinituhkuyin<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
ear<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nmedicine<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\near-ache pain-reliever<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n