{"id":407,"date":"2009-12-29T10:23:07","date_gmt":"2009-12-29T15:23:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/beta.eastcree.org\/eastcree\/?page_id=407"},"modified":"2017-07-17T21:10:35","modified_gmt":"2017-07-18T01:10:35","slug":"fricatives","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/en\/grammar\/sounds-east-cree\/sounds\/consonants\/fricatives\/","title":{"rendered":"Fricatives"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

<\/a>Pronunciation of the fricatives S [ s ]<\/span>, SH [ \u0283 ]<\/span>, and H [ h ]<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

East Cree has three fricatives, which are pronounced as [ s ]<\/span>, [ \u0283 ]<\/span> and [ h ]<\/span>.<\/p>\r\n

S [ s ]<\/span> and SH [ \u0283 ]<\/span><\/h3>\r\n

S sounds like the S in sun<\/em>:<\/p>\r\n
Northern<\/th>\r\nSyllables<\/th>\r\nIPA<\/a><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u14ef\u14ef\u1505<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\ns<\/strong>is<\/strong>is<\/strong><\/td>\r\ns<\/strong>i – s<\/strong>is<\/strong><\/td>\r\n[ \u02c8s<\/strong>\u026a – s<\/strong>\u026as<\/strong> ]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
Southern<\/th>\r\nSyllables<\/th>\r\nIPA<\/a><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u14f4\u1472\u1446\u14d0<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\ns<\/strong>akapwaan<\/td>\r\ns<\/strong>a – ka – pwaan<\/td>\r\n[ s<\/strong>a – k\u0259 – \u02c8p\u02b7\u0254n ]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

SH sounds like the SH in she<\/em>:<\/p>\r\n
Northern<\/th>\r\nSyllables<\/th>\r\nIPA<\/a><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1512\u1512\u1449<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nsh<\/strong>iish<\/strong>iip<\/td>\r\nsh<\/strong>ii – sh<\/strong>iip<\/td>\r\n[ \u02c8\u0283<\/strong>i – \u0283<\/strong>ip ]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u140a\u1446\u14c2\u1525<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\napwaanish<\/strong><\/td>\r\na – pwaa – nish<\/strong><\/td>\r\n[ \u026a – p\u0254\u02d0 – \u02c8n\u026a\u0283<\/strong> ]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
Southern<\/th>\r\nSyllables<\/th>\r\nIPA<\/a><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1512\u1439<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nsh<\/strong>iipaa<\/td>\r\nsh<\/strong>ii – paa<\/td>\r\n[ \u02c8\u0283<\/strong>i\u02d0 – pa\u02d0 ]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1439\u1525\u146e\u1525<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\npaash<\/strong>kiish<\/strong><\/td>\r\npaash<\/strong> – kiish<\/strong><\/td>\r\n[ pa\u0283<\/strong> – \u02c8ki\u0283<\/strong> ]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

H<\/h3>\r\n

In East Cree, H sounds like [ h ]<\/span>, and also sometimes like [ \u00e7 ]<\/span> or [ \u0266 ]<\/span>. In East Cree, [ h ]<\/span> can occur immediately before another consonant<\/a>, and at the end of a word<\/a>. In contrast, the [ h ]<\/span> sound never occurs in these positions in English.<\/p>\r\n

H sounds like the H in hold<\/em>:<\/p>\r\n
Northern<\/th>\r\nSyllables<\/th>\r\nIPA<\/a><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u14a5\u1426\u1404\u1426\u146d\u14d0<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nmih<\/strong>iih<\/strong>kin<\/td>\r\nmi – h<\/strong>iih – kin<\/td>\r\n[ m\u026a – \u02c8hii\u02b0 – k\u026an ]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
Southern<\/th>\r\nSyllables<\/th>\r\nIPA<\/a><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1438\u1426\u146f\u1426\u140b\u1426<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\npah<\/strong>kuh<\/strong>aah<\/strong><\/td>\r\npah<\/strong> – kuh<\/strong>aah<\/strong><\/td>\r\n[ pah<\/strong> – \u02c8k\u02b7h<\/strong>ah<\/strong> ]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

H before another consonant:<\/h4>\r\n
Northern<\/th>\r\nSyllables<\/th>\r\nIPA<\/a><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u14a5\u1426\u1466<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nmih<\/strong>t *<\/td>\r\nmih<\/strong>t<\/td>\r\n[ \u02c8m\u026ah<\/strong>t\u02b0 ] or [ \u02c8m\u026a\u00e7<\/strong>t\u02b0 ]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

* The H might sound a little bit like the <\/em>[ \u00e7 ] sound at the beginning of the word human<\/em> in this example because it follows an <\/em>[ i ] sound<\/em>.<\/p>\r\n
Southern<\/th>\r\nSyllables<\/th>\r\nIPA<\/a><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u140a\u146f\u1439\u144e\u14c8\u1472\u14c8\u1426\u144e\u1484<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nakupaatinaakanaahtikw<\/td>\r\na – ku – paa – ti – naa – ka – naah<\/strong> – tikw<\/td>\r\n[a – k\u028a – pa\u02d0 – tn\u0329 – na\u02d0 – k\u0259 – \u02c8na\u02d0\u02b0 – t\u028ak\u02b7]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

H at the end of a word:<\/h4>\r\n
Northern<\/th>\r\nSyllables<\/th>\r\nIPA<\/a><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1405\u14c2\u1410\u1426<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nuniwiih<\/strong> *<\/td>\r\nu – ni – wiih<\/strong><\/td>\r\n[ \u028a – n\u0259 – wi\u02d0\u02b0<\/strong> ]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u140b\u14b8\u152e\u1426<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\naamwaayaah<\/strong> **<\/td>\r\naa – mwaa – yaah<\/strong><\/td>\r\n[ a – m\u0254 – ja\u02b0<\/strong> ] or [ a – m\u0254 – ja\u0266<\/strong> ]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

* The first syllable of this word sounds like<\/em> [ w\u028a ]<\/span> instead of<\/em> [ \u028a ]<\/span>; just pay attention to the last syllable, which sounds like<\/em> [ wi\u02d0h ]<\/span>.<\/p>\r\n

** The H at the end of this word might sound a bit more ‘throaty’ — like<\/em> [ \u0266 ]<\/span> — because it follows an AA sound<\/em>.<\/p>\r\n
Southern<\/th>\r\nSyllables<\/th>\r\nIPA<\/a><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1473\u14f0\u1426\u140b\u1426<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nkaasiihaah<\/strong><\/td>\r\nkaa – sii – haah<\/strong><\/td>\r\n[ ka\u02d0 – si\u02d0 – \u02c8hah<\/strong> ]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1474\u1426\u1474\u144e\u1432\u1426<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nkweh<\/strong>kwetipiih<\/strong><\/td>\r\nkweh – kwe – tii – piih<\/strong><\/td>\r\n[ kweh<\/strong> – kwe – ti – \u02c8pih<\/strong> ]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

H after tense vowels<\/h4>\r\n

Sometimes it is hard to hear the [ h ]<\/span> sound in East Cree, and sometimes it is not pronounced, even though an H appears in the spelling. For example, the letter H can be silent or hard to hear after the tense vowels II, UU, E, and AA.<\/p>\r\n

After tense vowels[ h ]<\/span> is hard to hear:<\/p>\r\n
Northern<\/th>\r\nSyllables<\/th>\r\nIPA<\/a><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u140b\u1426\u146f\u14ef\u1424<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\naah<\/strong>kusiu<\/td>\r\naah<\/strong> – kusiu<\/td>\r\n[ \u02c8a\u02d0(\u02b0)<\/strong> – k\u02b7s\u0268w ]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1456\u1426\u144e\u1431\u140e\u14d0<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\ntaah<\/strong>tipiwin<\/td>\r\ntaah<\/strong> – ti – piwin<\/td>\r\n[ ta\u02d0(\u02b0)<\/strong> – t\u02b0\u0259 – pu\u02b7\u0259n ]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
Southern<\/th>\r\nSyllables<\/th>\r\nIPA<\/a><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u14f5\u1426\u146f\u1455\u14a5\u1525<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nsaah<\/strong>kutamish<\/td>\r\nsaah<\/strong> – ku – tamish<\/td>\r\n[ sa\u02b0<\/strong> – k\u028a – \u02c8t\u028cm\u0283 ]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u140b\u1426\u148c\u146f\u1525<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\naah<\/strong>chikush<\/td>\r\naah<\/strong> – chikush<\/td>\r\n[ a – \u02c8t\u0283k\u028a\u0283 ]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

In contrast, [ h ]<\/span> is easily heard after some tense vowels:<\/p>\r\n
Northern<\/th>\r\nSyllables<\/th>\r\nIPA<\/a><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1404\u152e\u1426\u144e\u1484<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\niiyaah<\/strong>tikw<\/td>\r\nii – yaah<\/strong> – tikw<\/td>\r\n[ i\u02d0 – \u02c8ja\u02d0\u02b0<\/strong> – t\u0259k\u02b7 ]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
Southern<\/th>\r\nSyllables<\/th>\r\nIPA<\/a><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1439\u1426\u1449<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\npaah<\/strong>p<\/td>\r\npaah<\/strong>p<\/td>\r\n[ \u02c8pah<\/strong>p ]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

No H in the spelling<\/h4>\r\n

Finally, in Northern East Cree, sometimes you can hear an [ h ]<\/span> sound where there is no H in the spelling. (In newer spelling this [ h ] sound is sometimes written). For example, there is an [ h ]<\/span> sound between the first and second words in this example.<\/p>\r\n
Northern<\/th>\r\nSyllables<\/th>\r\nIPA<\/a><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u140b \u140b\u1528\u148b\u1426\u1404\u1419\u14c4\u140e\u14a1<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\naa aayichihiiwaanuwich<\/td>\r\naa aa-yi-chihii-waa-nuwich<\/td>\r\n[ a h<\/strong> a\u02d0-j\u026a-t\u0283\u02b0hi\u02d0-wa\u02d0-\u02c8n\u028a\u02b7\u0259t\u0283 ]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

See the page about H sounds<\/a> for a more in-depth discussion of the [ h ]<\/span> sound and the H spelling.<\/p>

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