{"id":308,"date":"2009-12-28T09:45:38","date_gmt":"2009-12-28T14:45:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/beta.eastcree.org\/eastcree\/?page_id=308"},"modified":"2017-07-05T14:38:14","modified_gmt":"2017-07-05T18:38:14","slug":"vta","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/en\/grammar\/northern-dialect\/verbs\/cree-verb-stems\/vta\/","title":{"rendered":"VTA"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\r\n\r\n<h1 class=\"pg-title\"><a name=\"top\"><\/a>VTA (Verb Transitive Animate) Stems<\/h1>\r\n<ul><li>Stems ending with <a href=\"#mny\"><em>-m<\/em>, <em>-n<\/em>, <em>-y<\/em><\/a><\/li>\r\n\t<li>Stems ending with <a href=\"#h\"><em>-h<\/em><\/a><\/li>\r\n\t<li>Stems with alternate endings: <a href=\"#hw\"><em>-hw<\/em>\u00a0or <em>-hu<\/em><\/a><\/li>\r\n\t<li>Stems with alternate endings: <a href=\"#t\"><em>-t<\/em> or <em>-sh<\/em><\/a><\/li>\r\n\t<li>Stems with alternate endings: <a href=\"#sw\"><em>-sw<\/em> or <em>-su<\/em><\/a><\/li>\r\n\t<li>Stems with alternate endings: <a href=\"#shw\"><em>-shw<\/em> or <em>-shu<\/em><\/a><\/li>\r\n\t<li>Stems ending with <a href=\"#iw\"><em>-iw<\/em> , <em>-uw<\/em><\/a><\/li>\r\n\t<li>Irregular Stem <a href=\"#paa\">paashiwaau<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul><h3 class=\"head\"><a name=\"mny\"><\/a>Stems ending with <em>-m<\/em>, <em>-n<\/em>, <em>-y<\/em><\/h3>\r\n<p>Verbs like <span class=\"bjct\">\u146d\u14c2\u1427\u140b\u1431\u14ab\u1424<\/span> <span class=\"crt\">kiniwaapimaau<\/span> &#8216;s\/he looks at him\/her\/it&#8217;, <span class=\"bjct\">\u1405\u144e\u14c8\u1424<\/span> <span class=\"crt\">utinaau<\/span> &#8216;s\/he takes him\/her\/it&#8217;, \u1427<span class=\"bjct\">\u140b\u1431\u1426\u144e\u152e\u1424<\/span> <span class=\"crt\">waapihtiyaau<\/span> &#8216;s\/he shows it to him\/her&#8217; have a stem ending in <span class=\"crt\">m<\/span>, <span class=\"crt\">n<\/span> or <span class=\"crt\">y<\/span>. The VTA consonant stems are regular when they end in <span class=\"crt\">m<\/span>, <span class=\"crt\">n<\/span> or <span class=\"crt\">y<\/span>.<\/p>\r\n<table class=\"clear\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u146d\u14c2\u1427\u140b\u1431\u14ab\u1424<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"crex\">kiniwaapi<strong>m-<\/strong>aau<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"gloss\">s\/he looks at him\/her\/it<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u1405\u144e\u14c8\u1424<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"crex\">uti<strong>n-<\/strong>aau<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"gloss\">s\/he takes him\/her\/it<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u140b\u1431\u1426\u144e\u152e\u1424<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"crex\">waapihti<strong>y-<\/strong>aau<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"gloss\">s\/he shows it to him\/her<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p><a href=\"http:\/\/verbn.eastcree.org\/?vta&amp;mny\" target=\"_blank\">Conjugation Tables<\/a><\/p>\r\n<h3 class=\"head\"><a name=\"h\"><\/a>Stems ending with <em>h<\/em><\/h3>\r\n<p>Many VTA stems end in <span class=\"crt\">h<\/span>. For example, the verb <span class=\"bjct\">\u14f5\u148b<strong>\u1426<\/strong>\u140b\u1424<\/span> <span class=\"crt\">saachi<strong>h-<\/strong>aau<\/span> &#8216;s\/he loves him\/her&#8217; has a stem ending in <span class=\"crt\">h<\/span>.<\/p>\r\n<p>Stems ending in <span class=\"crt\">h<\/span> trigger a change in the inflection. The short <span class=\"crt\">i<\/span> of the inflection lengthens after the <span class=\"crt\">h<\/span> of the stem. When the inflection with a (normally) short <span class=\"crt\">i<\/span> is added, the short <span class=\"crt\">i<\/span> becomes a long <span class=\"crt\">ii<\/span>.<\/p>\r\n<ul><li>chi+saachi<strong>h<\/strong>+<strong>i<\/strong>tin = chi-saachi<strong>h<\/strong>&#8211;<strong>ii<\/strong>tin<\/li>\r\n<\/ul><p><a href=\"http:\/\/verbn.eastcree.org\/?vta&amp;h\" target=\"_blank\">Conjugation Tables<\/a><\/p>\r\n<h3 class=\"head\"><a name=\"hw\"><\/a>Stems with alternate endings: <em>-hw<\/em> or <em>-hu<\/em><\/h3>\r\n<p>Some VTA stems alternate their endings between <span class=\"crt\">hw<\/span> and <span class=\"crt\">hu<\/span>.<\/p>\r\n<table class=\"clear\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: center; width: 50%;\">\u1405\u1456\u14a5\u1426\u1427\u140b\u1424<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: center; width: 50%;\">\u14c5\u1456\u14a5\u1426\u1405\u1484<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td class=\"crex\" style=\"text-align: center;\">utaami<strong>hw-<\/strong>aau<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"crex\" style=\"text-align: center;\">nuutaami<strong>hu<\/strong>-kw<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td class=\"gloss\" style=\"text-align: center;\">s\/he hits him\/her\/it<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"gloss\" style=\"text-align: center;\">s\/he hits me<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p><a href=\"http:\/\/verbn.eastcree.org\/?vta&amp;hw\" target=\"_blank\">Conjugation Tables<\/a><\/p>\r\n<h3 class=\"head\"><a name=\"t\"><\/a>Stems with alternate endings: <em>-t<\/em> or <em>-sh<\/em><\/h3>\r\n<p>Some VTA stems alternate their endings between <span class=\"crt\">t<\/span> and <span class=\"crt\">sh<\/span> depending on the verb forms:<\/p>\r\n<table class=\"clear\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: center; width: 50%;\">\u14c8\u1456\u1424<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: center; width: 50%;\">\u14c8\u1525<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td class=\"crex\" style=\"text-align: center;\">naa<strong>t<\/strong>-aau<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"crex\" style=\"text-align: center;\">naa<strong>sh<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td class=\"gloss\" style=\"text-align: center;\">s\/he goes to him\/her<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"gloss\" style=\"text-align: center;\">go to him\/her!<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><table class=\"clear\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: center; width: 50%;\">\u148b\u14c8\u144e\u144e\u14d0<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: center; width: 50%;\">\u148b\u14c8\u1511\u14d0<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td class=\"crex\" style=\"text-align: center;\">chinaa<strong>t-<\/strong>itin<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"crex\" style=\"text-align: center;\">chinaa<strong>sh-<\/strong>in<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td class=\"gloss\" style=\"text-align: center;\">I go to you<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"gloss\" style=\"text-align: center;\">you, come to me!<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p><a href=\"http:\/\/verbn.eastcree.org\/?vta&amp;t\" target=\"_blank\">Conjugation Tables<\/a><\/p>\r\n<h3 class=\"head\"><a name=\"sw\"><\/a>Stems with alternate endings: <em>-sw<\/em> or <em>-su<\/em><\/h3>\r\n<p>Some VTA stems alternate their endings between <span class=\"crt\">sw<\/span> and <span class=\"crt\">su<\/span>.<\/p>\r\n<table class=\"clear\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: center; width: 50%;\">\u1403\u1505\u1427\u1473\u1427\u14f5\u1424<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: center; width: 50%;\">\u14c2\u144e\u1505\u1427\u1473\u14f1\u1484<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td class=\"crex\" style=\"text-align: center;\">iskwaa<strong>sw-<\/strong>aau<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"crex\" style=\"text-align: center;\">nitiskwaa<strong>su-<\/strong>kw<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td class=\"gloss\" style=\"text-align: center;\">s\/he burns him\/her\/it<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"gloss\" style=\"text-align: center;\">s\/he burns me<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p><a href=\"http:\/\/verbn.eastcree.org\/?vta&amp;sw\" target=\"_blank\">Conjugation Tables<\/a><\/p>\r\n<h3 class=\"head\"><a name=\"shw\"><\/a>Stems with alternate endings: <em>-shw<\/em> or <em>-shu<\/em><\/h3>\r\n<p>Some VTA stems alternate their endings between <span class=\"crt\">-shw<\/span> and <span class=\"crt\">-shu<\/span>.<\/p>\r\n<table class=\"clear\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: center; width: 50%;\">\u14ab\u144e \u1427\u1516 \u1424<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: center; width: 50%;\">\u14c2\u14ab\u144e \u1513 \u1484<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td class=\"crex\" style=\"text-align: center;\">maati<strong>shw-<\/strong>aau<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"crex\" style=\"text-align: center;\">nimaati<strong>shu-<\/strong>kw<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td class=\"gloss\" style=\"text-align: center;\">s\/he cuts him\/her\/it<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"gloss\" style=\"text-align: center;\">s\/he cuts me<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p><a href=\"http:\/\/verbn.eastcree.org\/?vta&amp;shw\" target=\"_blank\">Conjugation Tables<\/a><\/p>\r\n<h3 class=\"head\"><a name=\"iw\"><\/a>Stems ending with <em>-iw<\/em> , <em>-uw<\/em><\/h3>\r\n<p>Some VTA stems end in <span class=\"crt\">-iw<\/span>.<\/p>\r\n<table class=\"clear\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: center; width: 50%;\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: center; width: 50%;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td class=\"crex\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"crex\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><table class=\"clear\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u14a5\u1505\u146d\u1427\u140b\u1424<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"crex\">misk<strong>iw-<\/strong>aau<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"gloss\">s\/he finds him\/her\/it<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>Some other VTA stems end in &#8211; <span class=\"crt\">uw<\/span>.<\/p>\r\n<table class=\"clear\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u1403\u144e\u1511\u1426\u140a\u14a7\u1427\u140b\u1424<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"crex\">itishiham<strong>uw-<\/strong>aau<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"gloss\">s\/he sends it to someone<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>Such stems ending with <span class=\"crt\">-iw<\/span> or <span class=\"crt\">-uw<\/span> have a special behavior. When the stem and certain suffixes come together, a long <span class=\"crt\">aa<\/span> replaces the <span class=\"crt\">iw<\/span> or the <span class=\"crt\">uw<\/span>.<\/p>\r\n<table class=\"clear\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: center; width: 50%;\">\u14c2\u144e\u144e\u1511\u1426\u140a\u14a7\u1427\u140b\u1424<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: center; width: 50%;\">\u14c2\u144e\u144e\u1511\u1426\u140a\u14ab\u1484<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td class=\"crex\" style=\"text-align: center;\">nititishiham<strong>uw-<\/strong>aau<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"crex\" style=\"text-align: center;\">nititishiham<strong>aa-<\/strong>kw<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td class=\"gloss\" style=\"text-align: center;\">I send it to him\/her<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"gloss\" style=\"text-align: center;\">s\/he sends it to me<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><table class=\"clear\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: center; width: 50%;\">\u14c2\u14a5\u1505\u146d\u1427\u140b\u1424<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: center; width: 50%;\">\u14c2\u14a5\u1505\u1473\u1484<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td class=\"crex\" style=\"text-align: center;\">nimisk<strong>iw<\/strong>-aau<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"crex\" style=\"text-align: center;\">nimisk<strong>aa-<\/strong>kw<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td class=\"gloss\" style=\"text-align: center;\">I find him\/her\/it<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"gloss\" style=\"text-align: center;\">s\/he finds me<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><table class=\"clear\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: center; width: 50%;\">\u140b\u1426 \u14a5\u1505\u146d\u1427\u1403\u1528\u14d0<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: center; width: 50%;\">\u140b\u1426 \u14a5\u1505\u1473\u1456\u14d0<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td class=\"crex\" style=\"text-align: center;\">aah misk<strong>iw-<\/strong>iyin<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"crex\" style=\"text-align: center;\">aah misk<strong>aa<\/strong>taan<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td class=\"gloss\" style=\"text-align: center;\">when you find me.<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"gloss\" style=\"text-align: center;\">when I find you.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><table class=\"clear\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: center; width: 50%;\">\u14a5\u1505\u146d\u1427\u140b\u1456\u1424<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: center; width: 50%;\">\u14a5\u1505\u1473\u1426\u1484<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td class=\"crex\" style=\"text-align: center;\">misk<strong>iw-<\/strong>aataau<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"crex\" style=\"text-align: center;\">misk<strong>aa<\/strong>hkw<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td class=\"gloss\" style=\"text-align: center;\">let&#8217;s find her!<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"gloss\" style=\"text-align: center;\">you-all find her!<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>In the imperative, the final <span class=\"crt\">w<\/span> is written as u:<\/p>\r\n<table class=\"clear\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"crex\">miskiwh<\/td>\r\n<td>&#8211;&gt;<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u14a5\u1505\u146d\u1424\u1426<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"crex\">miskiuh<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"gloss\">find me!<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><table class=\"clear\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"crex\">miskiw<\/td>\r\n<td>&#8211;&gt;<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u14a5\u1505\u146d\u1424<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"crex\">miskiu<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"gloss\">find her!<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p><a href=\"http:\/\/verbn.eastcree.org\/?vta&amp;iw\" target=\"_blank\">Conjugation Tables<\/a><\/p>\r\n<h3 class=\"head\"><a name=\"paa\"><\/a>Irregular Stem paashiwaau<\/h3>\r\n<p>The verb <span class=\"crt\">paashiwaau<\/span> has an irregular stem <span class=\"crt\">paashiw-<\/span>. When the stem and certain suffixes come together, a long <span class=\"crt\">ii<\/span> replaces the <span class=\"crt\">iw<\/span>.<\/p>\r\n<table class=\"clear\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u1439\u1511\u1427\u140b\u1424<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"crex\">paash<strong>iw<\/strong>-aau<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"gloss\">s\/he brings him\/her\/it<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>In the imperative, the final <em>w <\/em> is written as u:<\/p>\r\n<table class=\"clear\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"crex\">paashiw<\/td>\r\n<td>&#8211;&gt;<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u1439\u1511\u1424<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"crex\">paash<strong>iu<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"gloss\">bring him\/her\/it!<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p><a href=\"http:\/\/verbn.eastcree.org\/?vta&amp;paa\" target=\"_blank\">Conjugation Tables<\/a><\/p><div id=\"cite\" style=\"z-index: 2000000; display: none; position: fixed; top: 0; right: 0; left: 0; bottom: 0;\">\r\n<div style=\"z-index: 2000000; position: fixed; background: rgba(0,0,0,0.5); top: 0; right: 0; left: 0; bottom: 0;\" onclick=\"document.getElementById('cite').style.display='none';\"><\/div>\r\n<div style=\"z-index: 5000000; position: relative; margin: 10% auto; width: 800px; min-height: 200px; max-height:600px; background-color: white; border-radius: 1em; padding: 1em 2em;\">\r\n\r\n<button class=\"closeButton close\" title=\"close\" style=\"float:right; max-height: 14px;\" onclick=\"document.getElementById('cite').style.display='none';\"><\/button>\r\n<table style=\"max-width: 100%;\"><tbody><tr><td style=\"font-weight: bold;\">APA:<\/td>\r\n<td> Junker, M.-O., Salt, L., &amp; MacKenzie, M. (2015). <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">East Cree Verbs (Northern Dialect).<\/span> [Revised and expanded from 2006 original edition] In The Interactive East Cree Reference Grammar. Retrieved from <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">[URL]<\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td>\u00a0<\/td>\r\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td style=\"font-weight: bold;\">MLA:<\/td>\r\n<td> Marie-Odile Junker, Luci Salt and Marguerite MacKenzie. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">East Cree Verbs (Northern Dialect).<\/span> [Revised and expanded from 2006 original edition] In The Interactive East Cree Reference Grammar. 2015. Web. <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">[date]<\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p style=\"font-size: 0.8em; padding-left:20px;\"> <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">[URL]<\/span> = website address, beginning with \u201chttp:\/\/\u201d<br><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">[Date]<\/span> = the date you accessed the page, styled as follows: 13 Dec. 2015<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"VTA (Verb Transitive Animate) Stems Stems ending with -m, -n, -y Stems ending with -h Stems with alternate endings: -hw\u00a0or -hu Stems with alternate endings: -t or -sh Stems with alternate endings: -sw or -su Stems with alternate endings: -shw or -shu Stems ending with -iw , -uw Irregular Stem paashiwaau Stems ending with -m,&#8230;  <a  class=\" btn btn-lg btn-primary \" href=\"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/en\/grammar\/northern-dialect\/verbs\/cree-verb-stems\/vta\/\">Read the full article&#8230;<\/a>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":299,"menu_order":24,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/308"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=308"}],"version-history":[{"count":41,"href":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/308\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12646,"href":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/308\/revisions\/12646"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/299"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=308"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}