{"id":252,"date":"2009-12-24T14:23:35","date_gmt":"2009-12-24T19:23:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/beta.eastcree.org\/eastcree\/?page_id=252"},"modified":"2017-07-17T21:10:34","modified_gmt":"2017-07-18T01:10:34","slug":"vta-theme-suffix","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/en\/grammar\/northern-dialect\/verbs\/cree-verb-classes\/vta\/vta-theme-suffix\/","title":{"rendered":"VTA Theme Suffix"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

<\/a>VTA Theme Suffix<\/h1>\r\n
Observation<\/caption>\r\n
\u148b\u1427\u140b\u1431\u14a5\u14d0\u166e<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nchiwaapimin<\/td>\r\nyou see me<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u148b\u1427\u140b\u1431\u14a5\u144e\u14d0\u166e<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nchiwaapimit<\/strong>in<\/td>\r\nI see you<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

The it<\/span> in the second example above is called a theme suffix. The difference between these two examples is that the theme suffix -it<\/span> appears in \u148b\u1427\u140b\u1431\u14a5\u144e\u14d0<\/span> chiwaapimit<\/strong>in<\/span> ‘I see you’ and not in \u148b\u1427\u140b\u1431\u14a5\u14d0<\/span> chiwaapimin<\/span> ‘you see me’<\/p>\r\n

There are three transitive animate theme suffixes, which follow the TA verb stem: -it<\/span>, -aa<\/span> ,and -ikw \/ -iku<\/span>. it<\/span> is used only when first persons (\u14c3\u1528<\/span> niiyi<\/span> ‘I’, \u14c3\u152e\u14d0<\/span> niiyaan<\/span> ‘we’) are actors and the second persons (\u148c\u1528<\/span> chiiyi<\/span> ‘you’, \u148c\u152e\u14c2\u1424<\/span> chiiyaaniu<\/span> ‘we including you’, \u148c\u1528\u1427\u140b\u1424<\/span> chiiyiwaau<\/span> ‘you all’) are goals. -aa<\/span> and -ikw\/-iku<\/span> are used in all combinations with third persons.<\/p>\r\n
Northern Dialect<\/strong><\/td>\r\nEnglish<\/strong><\/td>\r\nActor<\/strong><\/td>\r\nRank<\/strong><\/td>\r\nGoal<\/strong><\/td>\r\nPrefix<\/strong><\/td>\r\nTheme Suffix<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u148b\u1427\u140b\u1431\u14a5\u14d0<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nchiwaapimin<\/td>\r\nyou see me<\/td>\r\n2<\/td>\r\n><\/td>\r\n1<\/td>\r\n\u148b<\/td>\r\nchi<\/td>\r\n–<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u148b\u1427\u140b\u1431\u14a5\u144e\u14d0<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nchiwaapimit<\/strong>in<\/td>\r\nI<\/strong> see you<\/strong><\/td>\r\n1<\/strong><\/td>\r\n><\/strong><\/td>\r\n2<\/strong><\/td>\r\n\u148b<\/td>\r\nchi<\/td>\r\nit<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u148b\u1427\u140b\u1431\u14a5\u14c8\u1427\u140b\u1424<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nchiwaapiminaawaau<\/td>\r\nyou all see me<\/td>\r\n2p<\/td>\r\n><\/td>\r\n1<\/td>\r\n\u148b<\/td>\r\nchi<\/td>\r\n–<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u148b\u1427\u140b\u1431\u14a5\u144e\u14c8\u1427\u140b\u1424<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nchiwaapimit<\/strong>inaawaau<\/td>\r\nI<\/strong> see you all<\/strong><\/td>\r\n1<\/strong><\/td>\r\n><\/strong><\/td>\r\n2p<\/strong><\/td>\r\n\u148b<\/td>\r\nchi<\/td>\r\nit<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u148b\u1427\u140b\u1431\u14a5\u14c8\u14d0<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nchiwaapiminaan<\/td>\r\nyou see us<\/td>\r\n2(p)<\/td>\r\n><\/td>\r\n1p<\/td>\r\n\u148b<\/td>\r\nchi<\/td>\r\n–<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u148b\u1427\u140b\u1431\u14a5\u144e\u14c8\u14d0<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nchiwaapimit<\/strong>inaan<\/td>\r\nwe<\/strong> see you<\/strong><\/td>\r\n1p<\/strong><\/td>\r\n><\/strong><\/td>\r\n2(p)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n\u148b<\/td>\r\nchi<\/td>\r\nit<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u148b\u1427\u140b\u1431\u14ab\u1424<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nchiwaapimaa<\/strong>u<\/td>\r\nyou see her<\/td>\r\n2<\/td>\r\n><\/td>\r\n3<\/td>\r\n\u148b<\/td>\r\nchi<\/td>\r\naa<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u148b\u1427\u140b\u1431\u14a5\u1484<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nchiwaapimikw<\/strong><\/td>\r\nshe<\/strong> sees you<\/strong><\/td>\r\n3<\/strong><\/td>\r\n><\/strong><\/td>\r\n2<\/strong><\/td>\r\n\u148b<\/td>\r\nchi<\/td>\r\nikw<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u14c2\u1427\u140b\u1431\u14ab\u1424<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nniwaapimaa<\/strong>u<\/td>\r\nI see her<\/td>\r\n1<\/td>\r\n><\/td>\r\n3<\/td>\r\n\u14c2<\/td>\r\nni<\/td>\r\naa<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u14c2\u1427\u140b\u1431\u14a5\u1484<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nniwaapimikw<\/strong><\/td>\r\nshe<\/strong> sees me<\/strong><\/td>\r\n3<\/strong><\/td>\r\n><\/strong><\/td>\r\n1<\/strong><\/td>\r\n\u14c2<\/td>\r\nni<\/td>\r\nikw<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1427\u140b\u1431\u14ab\u1424<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nwaapimaa<\/strong>u<\/td>\r\nshe sees him (the other)<\/td>\r\n3<\/td>\r\n><\/td>\r\n3′<\/td>\r\n–<\/td>\r\naa<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1427\u140b\u1431\u14a5\u1470<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nwaapimiku<\/strong>u<\/td>\r\nhe (the other)<\/strong> sees her<\/strong><\/td>\r\n3′<\/strong><\/td>\r\n><\/strong><\/td>\r\n3<\/strong><\/td>\r\n–<\/td>\r\niku<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

[for the plural third persons combinations see the complete conjugation tables<\/a>]<\/p>\r\n

The theme suffix it<\/span> appears in independent and conjunct verb forms. The theme suffixes aa<\/span> and iku\/ikw<\/span> appear in the independent verb forms, but generally not in the conjunct forms.<\/p>\r\n

<\/a>Direct and Inverse in TA verbs<\/h4>\r\n

When the actor of a TA verb ranks higher than the goal on the person hierarchy, we can speak of a “direct” relationship. When the goal outranks the actor on the person hierarchy, then we speak of an “inverse” relationship. The theme suffix aa<\/span> is thus also called the Direct suffix , while the theme suffixes it<\/span> and iku\/ikw<\/span> are called the Inverse suffixes.<\/p>\r\n

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