{"id":248,"date":"2009-12-24T14:19:09","date_gmt":"2009-12-24T19:19:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/beta.eastcree.org\/eastcree\/?page_id=248"},"modified":"2015-05-17T00:36:40","modified_gmt":"2015-05-17T04:36:40","slug":"participles","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/en\/grammar\/northern-dialect\/verbs\/cree-verb-classes\/participles\/","title":{"rendered":"Participles (nominalizations)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

<\/a>Participles (nominalizations)<\/h1>\r\n
Observation<\/caption>\r\n
\u144e\u1426\u144e\u1431\u1431\u1528\u1424<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\ntihtipipiyiu<\/td>\r\nit (anim) rolls<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1473\u144e\u1426\u144e\u1431\u1528\u14a1<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nkaatihtipiyich<\/td>\r\nthat which rolls, a tire<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

Words like \u1473\u144e\u1426\u144e\u1431\u1528\u14a1<\/span> kaatihtipiyich<\/span> are verbs that are used as nouns. They are called participles or nominalizations. Like nouns, participles are used to identify people and things, like professions and machines. Literally they mean \u2018the one who…\u2019 or \u2018the thing that…\u2019, but they become lexicalized and function as nouns in the sentence.<\/p>\r\n
Verb<\/th>\r\n<\/th>\r\nParticiple<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
<\/td>\r\n\u14f0\u14c2\u1439\u144e\u1426\u1404\u1491\u1431\u1528\u1424<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n\u1473\u14f0\u14c2\u1439\u144e\u1426\u1404\u1491\u1431\u1528\u14a1<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
<\/td>\r\nsiinipaatihiichaapiyiu<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nkaasiinipaatihiichaapiyich<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
<\/td>\r\nit wrings<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nwringer on washing machine<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
<\/td>\r\n\u1403\u1505\u1427\u1473\u1426\u144e\u1427\u1404\u1431\u1528\u1424<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n\u1473\u1403\u1505\u1427\u1473\u1426\u144e\u1427\u1404\u1431\u1528\u14a1<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
<\/td>\r\niskwaahtiwiipiyiu<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nkaaiskwaahtiwiipiyich<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
<\/td>\r\nit goes up<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nelevator<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
<\/td>\r\n\u144e\u1439\u1528\u1426\u144e\u14bb<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n\u1473\u144e\u1439\u1528\u1426\u144e\u1426\u1483<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
<\/td>\r\ntipaayihtim<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nkaatipaayihtihk<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
<\/td>\r\ns\/he governs it<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\ndirector<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

Participles are made from the conjunct indicative neutral third person singular of a verb. They end with a conjunct verbal suffix\u00a0-t,\u00a0-k\u00a0or\u00a0\u2013ch, depending on their original verb type (vai, vti, vii). They usually begin with the preverb kaa- which is written together with the verb to make a participle.<\/p>\r\n

Animate noun participles are marked as (nap) and Inanimate noun participles are marked as (nip) in the Cree lexicon.<\/p>\r\n
\u1473\u1427\u140b\u1431\u1426\u140b\u146f\u14c8\u1466<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nkaawaapihaakunaat<\/td>\r\n(nap)<\/td>\r\nsnow plow<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1473\u148c\u1427\u140b\u144e\u146f\u1431\u1528\u1466<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nkaachiiwaatikupiyit<\/td>\r\n(nap)<\/td>\r\ncompass<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1473\u144e\u1426\u144e\u1431\u1525\u146d\u1427\u140b\u146d\u14c2\u1427\u1403\u1466<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nkaatihtipishkiwaakiniwit<\/td>\r\n(nap)<\/td>\r\nbicycle<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1473\u1427\u1403\u1528\u1426\u1427\u1473\u146f\u1426\u144e\u1427\u1473\u1511\u1511\u14a1<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nkaawiyihkwaakuhtikwaashishich<\/td>\r\n(nap)<\/td>\r\nbeaver tail snowshoes<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1473\u1405\u1426\u1456\u1431\u1528\u14a1<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nkaauhtaapiyich<\/td>\r\n(nip)<\/td>\r\nfruit salts, fizzing medicine (lit. it fizzes<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1473\u14a5\u1426\u1491\u1439\u146d\u1426\u14a1<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nkaamihchaapaakihch<\/td>\r\n(nip)<\/td>\r\nporcupine butchered with the thighbone attached to the skin strip<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1473\u14a5\u14a6\u1405\u1427\u1473\u1456\u1511\u14a1\u1426<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nkaamimiiukwaataashichh<\/td>\r\n(nip)<\/td>\r\nsealskin boots<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1473\u1403\u1505\u1427\u1473\u1426\u144e\u1427\u140b\u1431\u1528\u14a1<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nkaaiskwaahtiwaapiyich<\/td>\r\n(nip)<\/td>\r\nelevator<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

Participle Inflection<\/h3>\r\n

Their inflection pattern is partly like verbs, partly like nouns. In the Northern dialect, the noun marker is used for plural, but the verb marker is used for obviative. In the possessive, there is no kaa-. See Southern participle inflection<\/a> for dialectal differences.<\/p>\r\n
Noun Animate Participle<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
singular<\/td>\r\n\u1473\u148b\u14ef\u1473\u1426\u146d\u14f1\u1466<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nkaachisikaahkisut<\/span><\/td>\r\na cigarette<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
plural<\/td>\r\n\u1473\u148b\u14ef\u1473\u1426\u146d\u14f1\u14a1<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nkaachisikaahkisuch<\/span><\/td>\r\nmany cigarettes<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
obviative (singular and plural)<\/td>\r\n\u1473\u148b\u14ef\u1473\u1426\u146d\u14f1\u1528\u14a1\u1426<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nkaachisikaahkisuyichh<\/span><\/td>\r\n(she sees a\/many\u2026) cigarette(s)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
Noun Inanimate Participle<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
singular<\/td>\r\n\u1473\u144e\u1426\u144e\u1431\u1528\u14a1<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nkaatihtipiyich<\/span><\/td>\r\na tire<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
plural<\/td>\r\n\u1473\u144e\u1426\u144e\u1431\u1528\u14a1\u1426<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nkaatihtipiyichh<\/span><\/td>\r\nmany tires<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
obviative singular<\/td>\r\n\u1473\u144e\u1426\u144e\u1431\u1528\u1528\u14a1<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nkaatihtipiyiyich<\/span><\/td>\r\n(she sees a\u2026) tire<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
obviative plural<\/td>\r\n\u1473\u144e\u1426\u144e\u1431\u1528\u1528\u14a1\u1426<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nkaatihtipiyiyichh<\/span><\/td>\r\n(she sees many\u2026) tires<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

Possessive<\/h3>\r\n
\u1473\u1431\u1439\u14a5\u1426\u152e\u14a5\u146d\u1426\u14a1<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nkaa<\/span>pipaamihyaamikihch<\/span>*<\/td>\r\n(nip)<\/td>\r\na plane<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u14c2\u1431\u1439\u14a5\u1426\u152e\u14a5\u146d\u14c4\u14bb<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nni<\/span>pipaamihyaamikinum<\/span><\/td>\r\n(nap)<\/td>\r\nmy plane<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

* the final h of the stem becomes n<\/span><\/p>\r\n

For some words, a nominalization in \u2013suu (-si) is used for the possessive forms instead of the participle (see participles paradigms with suppletive forms; nominalizations in \u2013suu paradigms).<\/p>\r\n

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