{"id":235,"date":"2009-12-24T14:05:29","date_gmt":"2009-12-24T19:05:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/beta.eastcree.org\/eastcree\/?page_id=235"},"modified":"2017-07-17T21:10:34","modified_gmt":"2017-07-18T01:10:34","slug":"cree-verb-classes","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/en\/grammar\/northern-dialect\/verbs\/cree-verb-classes\/","title":{"rendered":"Cree Verb Classes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h1 class=\"pg-title\"><a name=\"top\"><\/a>Cree verb classes<\/h1>\r\n<table><caption>Observation<\/caption>\r\n<tbody><tr><td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u14a5\u14ef\u14c2\u1426\u1427\u140b\u1424<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 18px;\"><img class=\"clickable\" title=\"Click here to hear this word\" data-sound-url=\"\/snd\/grammar\/NVe\/NV-009.mp3\" src=\"\/img\/speak.gif\" alt=\"Click here to hear this word\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"crex\">misinihwaau<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"gloss\">She writes him (his name) down<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u14a5\u14ef\u14c2\u1426\u140a\u14bb<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 18px;\"><img class=\"clickable\" title=\"Click here to hear this word\" data-sound-url=\"\/snd\/grammar\/NVe\/NV-010.mp3\" src=\"\/img\/speak.gif\" alt=\"Click here to hear this word\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"crex\">misiniham<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"gloss\">She is writing it<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u14a5\u14ef\u14c8\u14f2<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 18px;\"><img class=\"clickable\" title=\"Click here to hear this word\" data-sound-url=\"\/snd\/grammar\/NVe\/NV-011.mp3\" src=\"\/img\/speak.gif\" alt=\"Click here to hear this word\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"crex\">misinaasuu<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"gloss\">She (her name) is written down<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u14a5\u14ef\u14c8\u1456\u1424<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 18px;\"><img class=\"clickable\" title=\"Click here to hear this word\" data-sound-url=\"\/snd\/grammar\/NVe\/NV-012.mp3\" src=\"\/img\/speak.gif\" alt=\"Click here to hear this word\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"crex\">misinaataau<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"gloss\">It is written<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>Where English uses the same verb <em>to write<\/em>, Cree makes a difference depending on two factors: <a href=\"..\/cree-verbs\/transitivity\/\">transitivity<\/a> and <a href=\"..\/cree-verbs\/gender\/\">gender<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<p>Based on the number of roles that a verb has and the gender (animate, inanimate) of these roles, four main classes of verbs stems can be established.<\/p>\r\n<table class=\"clear\"><tbody><tr><td><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"bbottom\" style=\"text-align: center;\" colspan=\"3\"><strong>Animate<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"bbottom\" style=\"text-align: center;\" colspan=\"3\"><strong>Inanimate<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td class=\"bright\" rowspan=\"2\"><strong>One Role (Intransitive)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"bright\" style=\"text-align: center;\" colspan=\"3\">Animate Intransitive (VAI)<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"bright\" style=\"text-align: center;\" colspan=\"3\">Inanimate Intransitive (VII)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td class=\"bjcex bbottom\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u14a5\u14ef\u14c8\u14f2\u166e<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"bbottom\" style=\"width: 18px;\"><img class=\"clickable\" title=\"Click here to hear this word\" data-sound-url=\"\/snd\/grammar\/NVe\/NV-011.mp3\" src=\"\/img\/speak.gif\" alt=\"Click here to hear this word\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"crex bbottom bright\">misinaasuu<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"bjcex bbottom\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u14a5\u14ef\u14c8\u1456\u1424\u166e<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"bbottom\" style=\"width: 18px;\"><img class=\"clickable\" title=\"Click here to hear this word\" data-sound-url=\"\/snd\/grammar\/NVe\/NV-012.mp3\" src=\"\/img\/speak.gif\" alt=\"Click here to hear this word\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"crex bbottom bright\">misinaataau<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td class=\"bright\" rowspan=\"2\"><strong>Two Roles (Transitive)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"bright\" style=\"text-align: center;\" colspan=\"3\">Transitive Animate (VTA)<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"bright\" style=\"text-align: center;\" colspan=\"3\">Transitive Inanimate (VTI)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td class=\"bjcex bbottom\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u14a5\u14ef\u14c2\u1426\u1427\u140b\u1424\u166e<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"bbottom\" style=\"width: 18px;\"><img class=\"clickable\" title=\"Click here to hear this word\" data-sound-url=\"\/snd\/grammar\/NVe\/NV-009.mp3\" src=\"\/img\/speak.gif\" alt=\"Click here to hear this word\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"crex bbottom bright\">misinihwaau<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"bjcex bbottom\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u14a5\u14ef\u14c2\u1426\u140a\u14bb\u166e<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"bbottom\" style=\"width: 18px;\"><img class=\"clickable\" title=\"Click here to hear this word\" data-sound-url=\"\/snd\/grammar\/NVe\/NV-010.mp3\" src=\"\/img\/speak.gif\" alt=\"Click here to hear this word\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"crex bbottom bright\">misiniham<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>Most verbs will have specific forms for each of these classes: VII, VTI, VTA or VAI, identified by different endings and different stems [see verb stems, verb inflection].<\/p>\r\n<p>The following Cree definitions are suggested for these four classes:<\/p>\r\n<table class=\"clear\"><tbody><tr><th>Verb<\/th>\r\n<th class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u1403\u1426\u1450\u1427\u1403\u14d0<\/th>\r\n<th><\/th>\r\n<th class=\"crex\">ihtuwin<\/th>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td>VII (Inanimate Intransitive)<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u140b \u1403\u1505\u1431\u1528\u14a1\/\u140b \u1403\u1511\u14c8\u146f\u1426\u14a1 \u1491\u1427\u1473\u14d0<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 18px;\"><img class=\"clickable\" title=\"Click here to hear this word\" data-sound-url=\"\/snd\/grammar\/NVe\/NV-013.mp3\" src=\"\/img\/speak.gif\" alt=\"Click here to hear this word\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"crex\">aa ispiyich\/aa ishinaakuhch chaakwaan<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td>VAI (Animate Intransitive)<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u140b \u1403\u1426\u144e\u1483 \u140a\u1427\u140b\u14d0<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 18px;\"><img class=\"clickable\" title=\"Click here to hear this word\" data-sound-url=\"\/snd\/grammar\/NVe\/NV-016.mp3\" src=\"\/img\/speak.gif\" alt=\"Click here to hear this word\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"crex\">aa ihtik awaan<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td>VTI (Transitive Inanimate)<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u140b \u1403\u1426\u1451\u144e\u1426\u1483 \u1491\u1427\u1473\u1528\u1424<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 18px;\"><img class=\"clickable\" title=\"Click here to hear this word\" data-sound-url=\"\/snd\/grammar\/NVe\/NV-014.mp3\" src=\"\/img\/speak.gif\" alt=\"Click here to hear this word\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"crex\">aa ihtuutihk chaakwaayiu<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td>VTA (Transitive Animate)<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"bjcex\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u140b \u1403\u1426\u1451\u144e\u1427\u140b\u1466 \u140a\u1427\u140b\u1528\u1424\u1426<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 18px;\"><img class=\"clickable\" title=\"Click here to hear this word\" data-sound-url=\"\/snd\/grammar\/NVe\/NV-015.mp3\" src=\"\/img\/speak.gif\" alt=\"Click here to hear this word\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"crex\">aa ihtuutiwaat awaayiuh<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><div id=\"cite\" style=\"z-index: 2000000; display: none; position: fixed; top: 0; right: 0; left: 0; bottom: 0;\">\r\n<div style=\"z-index: 2000000; position: fixed; background: rgba(0,0,0,0.5); top: 0; right: 0; left: 0; bottom: 0;\" onclick=\"document.getElementById('cite').style.display='none';\"><\/div>\r\n<div style=\"z-index: 5000000; position: relative; margin: 10% auto; width: 800px; min-height: 200px; max-height:600px; background-color: white; border-radius: 1em; padding: 1em 2em;\">\r\n\r\n<button class=\"closeButton close\" title=\"close\" style=\"float:right; max-height: 14px;\" onclick=\"document.getElementById('cite').style.display='none';\"><\/button>\r\n<table style=\"max-width: 100%;\"><tbody><tr><td style=\"font-weight: bold;\">APA:<\/td>\r\n<td> Junker, M.-O., Salt, L., &amp; MacKenzie, M. (2015). <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">East Cree Verbs (Northern Dialect).<\/span> [Revised and expanded from 2006 original edition] In The Interactive East Cree Reference Grammar. Retrieved from <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">[URL]<\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td>\u00a0<\/td>\r\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td style=\"font-weight: bold;\">MLA:<\/td>\r\n<td> Marie-Odile Junker, Luci Salt and Marguerite MacKenzie. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">East Cree Verbs (Northern Dialect).<\/span> [Revised and expanded from 2006 original edition] In The Interactive East Cree Reference Grammar. 2015. Web. <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">[date]<\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p style=\"font-size: 0.8em; padding-left:20px;\"> <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">[URL]<\/span> = website address, beginning with \u201chttp:\/\/\u201d<br><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">[Date]<\/span> = the date you accessed the page, styled as follows: 13 Dec. 2015<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Cree verb classes Observation \u14a5\u14ef\u14c2\u1426\u1427\u140b\u1424 misinihwaau She writes him (his name) down \u14a5\u14ef\u14c2\u1426\u140a\u14bb misiniham She is writing it \u14a5\u14ef\u14c8\u14f2 misinaasuu She (her name) is written down \u14a5\u14ef\u14c8\u1456\u1424 misinaataau It is written Where English uses the same verb to write, Cree makes a difference depending on two factors: transitivity and gender. Based on the number of&#8230;  <a  class=\" btn btn-lg btn-primary \" href=\"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/en\/grammar\/northern-dialect\/verbs\/cree-verb-classes\/\">Read the full article&#8230;<\/a>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":95,"menu_order":21,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/235"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=235"}],"version-history":[{"count":55,"href":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/235\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12912,"href":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/235\/revisions\/12912"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/95"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=235"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}