{"id":11798,"date":"2016-09-08T13:35:21","date_gmt":"2016-09-08T17:35:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/?page_id=11798"},"modified":"2019-11-11T16:32:33","modified_gmt":"2019-11-11T21:32:33","slug":"personal-prefix","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/en\/grammar\/spelling-east-cree\/northern\/boundaries\/personal-prefix\/","title":{"rendered":"Adding a personal prefix"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\r\n\r\n

Spelling East Cree (Northern) – Boundaries<\/strong><\/h1>\r\n
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Adding a personal prefix<\/h3>\r\n

Personal Prefix on Nouns<\/h5>\r\n

The personal prefixes are \u14c2, \u148b, \u1405<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0are added to possessed nouns. The personal prefixes \u14c2, \u148b<\/strong><\/span> are added to Independent verb stems. They are written joined to the word or the first preverb.<\/p>\r\n
\u00a0<\/th>\r\n\u1512\u1512\u1449<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u14c3\u1528<\/td>\r\n\u14c2<\/strong>\u1512\u1512\u1431\u14bb<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u148c\u1528<\/td>\r\n\u148b<\/strong>\u1512\u1512\u1431\u14bb<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1427\u1404\u1528<\/td>\r\n\u1405<\/strong>\u1512\u1512\u1431\u14bb\u1426<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u14c3\u152e\u14d0<\/td>\r\n\u14c2<\/strong>\u1512\u1512\u1431\u14a5\u14c8\u14d0<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u148c\u152e\u14c2\u1424<\/td>\r\n\u148b<\/strong>\u1512\u1512\u1431\u14a5\u14c2\u1424<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1427\u1404\u1528\u1427\u140b\u1424<\/td>\r\n\u148b<\/strong>\u1512\u1512\u1431\u14a5\u1419\u1424<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u00a0<\/td>\r\n\u1405<\/strong>\u1512\u1512\u1431\u14a5\u1419\u1424\u1426<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

If the word begins with \u1403<\/strong><\/span> or \u140a<\/strong><\/span>, then add \u14c2\u144e, \u148b\u144e<\/strong><\/span>, or \u1405\u144e<\/strong><\/span>.<\/p>\r\n
\u00a0<\/th>\r\n\u140a\u1419\u1511\u1525<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u14c3\u1528<\/td>\r\n\u14c2\u144e<\/strong>\u1419\u1511\u1512\u14bb<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u148c\u1528<\/td>\r\n\u148b\u144e<\/strong>\u1419\u1511\u1512\u14bb<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1427\u1404\u1528<\/td>\r\n\u1405\u144e<\/strong>\u1419\u1511\u1512\u14bb\u1426<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
\u00a0<\/th>\r\n\u1403\u1505\u1480\u1424<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u14c3\u1528<\/td>\r\n\u14c2\u144e<\/strong>\u1505\u1480\u14bb<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u148c\u1528<\/td>\r\n\u148b\u144e<\/strong>\u1505\u1480\u14bb<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1427\u1404\u1528<\/td>\r\n\u1405\u144e<\/strong>\u1505\u1480\u14bb\u1426<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

If the noun begins with \u1405<\/strong><\/span>, then use \u14c5<\/strong><\/span> for the first person (\u14c3\u1528<\/span> my, \u14c3\u152e\u14d0<\/span> our but not your) and \u1470<\/strong><\/span> for the second person (\u148c\u152e\u14c2\u1424<\/span> our (you and I), \u148c\u1528, \u148c\u1528\u1427\u140b\u1424<\/span> your); for the third person (\u1427\u1404\u1528<\/span> her\/his, \u1427\u1404\u1528\u1427\u140b\u1424<\/span> their) use a long\u00a0\u1406<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\r\n
\u1405\u1456\u1439\u14d0<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
my<\/td>\r\n\u14c5<\/strong>\u1456\u1439\u14d0<\/td>\r\nour<\/td>\r\n\u14c5<\/strong>\u1456\u1439\u14c2\u14c8\u14d0<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u00a0<\/td>\r\n\u00a0<\/td>\r\nour<\/td>\r\n\u1470<\/strong>\u1456\u1439\u14c2\u14c2\u1424<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
your<\/td>\r\n\u1470<\/strong>\u1456\u1439\u14d0<\/td>\r\nyour<\/td>\r\n\u1470<\/strong>\u1456\u1439\u14c2\u1427\u140b\u1424<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
her\/his<\/td>\r\n\u1406<\/strong>\u1456\u1439\u14d0<\/td>\r\ntheir<\/td>\r\n\u1406<\/strong>\u1456\u1439\u14c2\u1427\u140b\u1424<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

Note that some people would like to write \u1405<\/span> twice for \u1406<\/strong>\u1456\u1439\u14d0<\/span>: \u1405\u1405<\/strong>\u1456\u1439\u14d0<\/span> but this creates problems with the current technology where all double vowels are automatically converted to long vowels in typing tools and syllabic convertors.<\/p>\r\n

Note that it is very common for children to use \u148e<\/strong><\/span> instead of \u1470<\/strong><\/span> in words (this is a language change that makes it more regular):<\/p>\r\n
Write the traditional form…<\/th>\r\nNot…<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1470<\/strong>\u1426\u1456\u1410<\/td>\r\n\u148e\u1426\u1456\u1410<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1470<\/strong>\u1456\u1439\u14d0<\/td>\r\n\u148e\u1456\u1439\u14d0<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1470<\/strong>\u14ef\u14ef\u14bb<\/td>\r\n\u148e\u14ef\u14ef\u14bb<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

For some nouns these prefixes are already part of the word. These words are mostly names of relatives and body parts and are called dependent nouns (marked nad<\/strong> or nid<\/strong> in the dictionary)<\/p>\r\n
\u14c2<\/strong>\u146f\u14ef\u1505<\/td>\r\n\u14c2<\/strong>\u1505\u1473\u1466<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u148b<\/strong>\u146f\u14ef\u1505<\/td>\r\n\u148b<\/strong>\u1505\u1473\u1466<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1405<\/strong>\u146f\u14ef\u1505\u1426<\/td>\r\n\u1405<\/strong>\u1505\u1473\u1466<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

A few dependent nouns are not the names of relatives or body parts.<\/p>\r\n
\u140a\u144e\u14bb<\/th>\r\n\u00a0<\/th>\r\n\u14a5\u1456\u1505<\/th>\r\n\u14a6\u140e\u1466<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u14c2<\/strong>\u1456\u14bb<\/td>\r\n\u14c3<\/strong>\u14a1<\/td>\r\n\u14c2<\/strong>\u1456\u1505<\/td>\r\n\u14c3<\/strong>\u140e\u1466<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u148b<\/strong>\u1456\u14bb<\/td>\r\n\u148c<\/strong>\u14a1<\/td>\r\n\u148b<\/strong>\u1456\u1505<\/td>\r\n\u148c<\/strong>\u140e\u1466<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1405<\/strong>\u1456\u14bb\u1426<\/td>\r\n\u1410<\/strong>\u14a1<\/td>\r\n\u1405<\/strong>\u1456\u1505<\/td>\r\n\u1410<\/strong>\u140e\u1466<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

The word \u140a\u1433\u1403<\/span> has different pronunciations:<\/p>\r\n
Full form (possessive prefix + t + apui)<\/th>\r\nContracted form<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u14c2\u144e<\/strong>\u1433\u1403<\/td>\r\n\u14c2<\/strong>\u1433\u1403<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u148b\u144e<\/strong>\u1433\u1403<\/td>\r\n\u148b<\/strong>\u1433\u1403<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1405\u144e<\/strong>\u1433\u1403\u1426<\/td>\r\n\u1405<\/strong>\u1433\u1403\u1426<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
Personal Prefix on Verbs<\/h5>\r\n

The personal prefixes \u14c2, \u148b<\/strong><\/span> are added to Independent verb stems. They are joined to the word or the first preverb. Note that there is no personal prefix added before the third person (he, she) forms.<\/p>\r\n
\u00a0<\/th>\r\n\u14a5\u1505\u146d\u14bb<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u14c3\u1528<\/td>\r\n\u14c2<\/strong>\u14a5\u1505\u1473\u14d0<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u148c\u1528<\/td>\r\n\u148b<\/strong>\u14a5\u1505\u1473\u14d0<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1427\u1404\u1528<\/td>\r\n\u14a5\u1505\u146d\u14bb<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u14c3\u152e\u14d0<\/td>\r\n\u14c2<\/strong>\u14a5\u1505\u1473\u14c8\u14d0<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u148c\u152e\u14c2\u1424<\/td>\r\n\u148b<\/strong>\u14a5\u1505\u1473\u14c8\u14c2\u1424<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u148c\u1528\u1427\u140b\u1424<\/td>\r\n\u148b<\/strong>\u14a5\u1505\u1473\u14c8\u1419\u1424<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

If the verb begins with \u1403<\/strong><\/span> or \u140a<\/strong><\/span>, then add \u14c2\u144e, \u148b\u144e<\/strong><\/span>, or \u1405\u144e<\/strong><\/span>.<\/p>\r\n
\u00a0<\/th>\r\n\u140a\u1431\u1424<\/th>\r\n\u1403\u1505\u1480\u14f2<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u14c3\u1528<\/td>\r\n\u14c2\u144e<\/strong>\u1431\u14d0<\/td>\r\n\u14c2\u144e<\/strong>\u1505\u1480\u14f1\u14d0<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u148c\u1528<\/td>\r\n\u148b\u144e<\/strong>\u1431\u14d0<\/td>\r\n\u148b\u144e<\/strong>\u1505\u1480\u14f1\u14d0<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1427\u1404\u1528<\/td>\r\n\u140a\u1431\u1424<\/td>\r\n\u1403\u1505\u1480\u14f2<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

If the verb begins with \u1405<\/strong><\/span>, then use \u14c5<\/strong><\/span> for the first person (\u14c3\u1528<\/span> I, \u14c3\u152e\u14d0<\/span> we (but not you) and \u1470<\/strong><\/span> for the second person (\u148c\u1528<\/span> you singular, \u148c\u152e\u14c2\u1424<\/span> we (you and I), \u148c\u1528\u1427\u140b\u1424<\/span> ‘you [plural]’); for the third person no personal prefix is used on verbs.<\/p>\r\n
\u00a0<\/th>\r\n\u1405\u1426\u148c\u1424<\/th>\r\n\u1405\u144e\u14c2\u14bb<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u14c3\u1528<\/td>\r\n\u14c5\u1426<\/strong>\u148c\u14d0<\/td>\r\n\u14c5<\/strong>\u144e\u14c8\u14d0<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u148c\u1528<\/td>\r\n\u1470\u1426<\/strong>\u148c\u14d0<\/td>\r\n\u1470<\/strong>\u144e\u14c8\u14d0<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u14c3\u152e\u14d0<\/td>\r\n\u14c5\u1426<\/strong>\u148c\u14c8\u14d0<\/td>\r\n\u14c5<\/strong>\u144e\u14c8\u14c8\u14d0<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u148c\u152e\u14c2\u1424<\/td>\r\n\u1470\u1426<\/strong>\u148c\u14c8\u14c2\u1424<\/td>\r\n\u1470<\/strong>\u144e\u14c8\u14c2\u1424<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u148c\u1528\u1427\u140b\u1424<\/td>\r\n\u1470\u1426<\/strong>\u148c\u14c8\u1427\u140b\u1424<\/td>\r\n\u1470<\/strong>\u144e\u14c8\u14c8\u1427\u140b\u1424<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1410\u1528<\/td>\r\n\u1405\u1426\u148c\u1424<\/td>\r\n\u1405\u144e\u14c2\u14bb<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1410\u1528\u1419\u1424<\/td>\r\n\u1405\u1426\u148c\u1427\u1403\u14a1<\/td>\r\n\u1405\u144e\u14c2\u14a7\u14a1<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

Note that it is very common for children to use \u148e<\/strong><\/span> instead of \u1470<\/strong><\/span> in words, due to regular language change :<\/p>\r\n
Write…<\/th>\r\nNot…<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1470<\/strong>\u1426\u1456\u1410<\/td>\r\n\u148e\u1426\u1456\u1410<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1470<\/strong>\u1456\u1439\u14d0<\/td>\r\n\u148e\u1456\u1439\u14d0<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1470<\/strong>\u14ef\u14ef\u14bb<\/td>\r\n\u148e\u14ef\u14ef\u14bb<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

See also:<\/strong> Spelling East Cree – Southern Dialect – Adding a personal prefix<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

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Table of Contents<\/h3>\r\n