{"id":1084,"date":"2010-05-28T13:13:21","date_gmt":"2010-05-28T18:13:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/?page_id=1084"},"modified":"2017-07-17T21:10:37","modified_gmt":"2017-07-18T01:10:37","slug":"h-sounds2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/en\/grammar\/sounds-east-cree\/sounds\/consonants\/fricatives\/h-sounds2\/","title":{"rendered":"H-sounds"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

<\/a>H sounds<\/h1>\r\n

Introduction<\/h3>class=”head”>\r\n

East Cree H can be confusing because in some cases an H in the spelling cannot be heard, and in other cases an [h]<\/span> sound can be heard where there is no H in the spelling. Below are some general rules for East Cree help explain the letter H and the [h]<\/span> sound.<\/p>\r\n

<\/a>H is spelled but not heard<\/h3>\r\n

Sometimes you will see an H in the spelling, but will not hear it. This can happen when H comes before a consonant, or when it falls at the end of a word.<\/p>\r\n

H before a consonant<\/h4>\r\n

When H occurs before a consonant, as in HP, HT, HK, HSH and HCH, it is not always pronounced. In some cases, a lax vowel followed by an H sounds like a tense vowel, as illustrated in some of the following sound clips.<\/p>\r\n

UH sounds like lax U<\/p>\r\n
Northern<\/th>\r\nSyllables<\/th>\r\nIPA<\/a><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1405\u1426\u1431\u1525\u1470\u1432\u14ef\u14bb<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nuh<\/strong>pishkuupiisim<\/td>\r\nuh<\/strong>pish – kuu – pii – sim<\/td>\r\n\u00a0[ up\u0283 – ku\u02d0 – \u02c8pi\u02d0 – s\u028am ]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
Southern<\/th>\r\nSyllables<\/th>\r\nIPA<\/a><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1405\u1426\u146f\u14a5\u14f5\u1426<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nuh<\/strong>kumisaah<\/td>\r\nuh<\/strong> – kumisaah<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

UH sounds like tense UU<\/p>\r\n
Northern<\/th>\r\nSyllables<\/th>\r\nIPA<\/a><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1405\u146f\u1426\u144e\u1525\u146f\u1403<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nukuh<\/strong>tishkui<\/td>\r\nu – kuh<\/strong>tish – kui<\/td>\r\n[ u – \u02c8k\u028a<\/strong>t\u0283 – k\u028aj ]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1405\u1450\u1426\u144e\u1426\u146f\u1426\u14f2\u1426<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nutuh<\/strong>tihkuhsuuh<\/td>\r\nu – tuh – <\/strong>tihkuh – suuh<\/td>\r\n\u00a0[ u – tu\u02d0 – t\u028ak\u02b0 – \u02c8su\u02b0 ]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u14c2\u1432\u1405\u1426\u14c2\u14bb<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nnipiiuh<\/strong>nim<\/td>\r\nni – pii – uh – <\/strong>nim<\/td>\r\n\u00a0[ n\u026a – pi – \u02c8u\u02d0 – n\u028am ]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
Southern<\/th>\r\nSyllables<\/th>\r\nIPA<\/a><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1405\u1426\u1431\u14ef\u1472\u14d0<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nuh<\/strong>pisikan<\/td>\r\nuh<\/strong>pi – si – kan<\/td>\r\n\u00a0[ u\u02d0p – \u02c8s\u026a – k\u026an ]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

MIH sounds like M; NIH sounds like N<\/p>\r\n
Northern<\/th>\r\nSyllables<\/th>\r\nIPA<\/a><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1405\u14c2\u14a5\u1426\u148c\u1405\u14c2\u1426\u14a1<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nunimih<\/strong>chiiunih<\/strong>ch<\/td>\r\nu – nimih – <\/strong>chii – unih<\/strong>ch<\/td>\r\n\u00a0[ u – n\u026am – t\u0283i – \u02c8\u028ant\u0283 ]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
Southern<\/th>\r\nSyllables<\/th>\r\nIPA<\/a><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1404\u1528\u14a5\u14c2\u1426\u14a1<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\niiyiminih<\/strong>ch<\/td>\r\nii – yi – minih<\/strong>ch<\/td>\r\n\u00a0[ i – j\u026a – \u02c8m\u026ant\u0283 ]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

IH sounds like tense II<\/p>\r\n
Northern<\/th>\r\nSyllables<\/th>\r\nIPA<\/a><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u146f\u1403\u1426\u146f\u1426\u140b\u1491\u1424<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nkuih<\/strong>kuhaachaau<\/td>\r\nkuihku – haa<\/strong> – chaau<\/td>\r\n[ kuik\u02b0\u02c8 – ha – t\u0283aw ]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
Southern<\/th>\r\nSyllables<\/th>\r\nIPA<\/a><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1473\u1431\u1426\u1451\u14a5\u14c2\u1514\u1466<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nkaapih<\/strong>tuuminishuut<\/td>\r\nkaa – pih<\/strong> – tuu – mini – shuut<\/td>\r\n\u00a0[ ka – pi\u02d0\u02b0 – tu\u02d0 – m\u026an – \u02c8\u0283u\u02d0t\u02b0]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

IH sounds like lax I<\/p>\r\n
Northern<\/th>\r\nSyllables<\/th>\r\nIPA<\/a><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u14ef\u1426\u146f\u1505<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nsih<\/strong>kus<\/td>\r\nsih – <\/strong>kus<\/td>\r\n\u00a0[ \u02c8s\u026ak\u02b7s ]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u144e\u1426\u146f\u1426\u14a1<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\ntih<\/strong>kuhch *<\/td>\r\ntih<\/strong>kuhch<\/td>\r\n\u00a0[ \u02c8t\u026a\u02d0k\u02b7t\u0283 ]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

* The sound in this word is longer in duration than normal<\/em>.<\/p>\r\n
Southern<\/th>\r\nSyllables<\/th>\r\nIPA<\/a><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u140a\u1505\u148b\u1484<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\naschihkw<\/td>\r\nas – chihkw<\/td>\r\n[a\u0318s – \u02c8t\u0283\u026ak\u02b7]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

There are fewer changes in vowel tenseness or laxness when a tense vowel<\/a> is followed by a spelled H and a consonant. The vowel sounds tense, and the H is not often pronounced.<\/p>\r\n

WAAH sounds like WAA<\/a><\/p>\r\n
Northern<\/th>\r\nSyllables<\/th>\r\nIPA<\/a><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1403\u1525\u1480\u1426\u1456\u14bb<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nishkwaah<\/strong>taam<\/td>\r\nish – kwaah<\/strong> – t<\/strong>aam<\/td>\r\n[ i\u0283 – \u02c8k\u0254\u02b0 <\/strong>–t<\/strong>am]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
Southern<\/th>\r\nSyllables<\/th>\r\nIPA<\/a><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u140a\u1513\u1426\u1404\u1489\u1419\u1426\u144e\u1484<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nashuhiichewaahtikw<\/td>\r\nashu – hii – che – waah – tikw<\/td>\r\n[a\u0283\u02b7 – hi\u02d0 – t\u0283\u025b\u031e\u02d0 – \u02c8wa\u02d0h – t\u028ak\u02b0]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

AAH sounds like AA with a slight [ \u02b0 ]<\/span> sound<\/p>\r\n
Northern<\/th>\r\nSyllables<\/th>\r\nIPA<\/a><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1456\u1426\u144e\u1431\u140e\u14d0<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\ntaah<\/strong>tipiwin<\/td>\r\ntaah – <\/strong>ti – piwin<\/td>\r\n\u00a0[ ta\u02b0 – t\u026a – \u02c8pu\u0259n ]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
Southern<\/th>\r\nSyllables<\/th>\r\nIPA<\/a><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u14aa\u14ef\u14c7\u1426\u1404\u1472\u14c8\u1426\u144e\u1484<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nmasinahiikanaah<\/strong>tikw<\/td>\r\nma – sina – hii – ka – naah – <\/strong>tikw<\/td>\r\n\u00a0[ m\u0259 – s\u026an – h\u026a – k\u0259 – \u02c8na\u02d0\u02b0 – t\u028ak\u02b0 ]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u140a\u14f5\u1419\u1426\u148b\u1472\u14d0\u1426<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nasaawaah<\/strong>chikanh<\/td>\r\na – saa – waah – chi – kanh<\/td>\r\n[a\u0318 – sa\u02d0 – wa\u02d0\u02b0 – t\u0283\u026a – \u02c8k\u026an\u02b0]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

AAH sounds like AA<\/p>\r\n
Northern<\/th>\r\nSyllables<\/th>\r\nIPA<\/a><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u140b\u1426\u146f\u14ef\u1424<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\n aah<\/strong>kusiu<\/td>\r\naah<\/strong>ku – siu<\/td>\r\n[ a<\/strong>k\u02b7 – su\u02b0 ]*<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
Southern<\/th>\r\nSyllables<\/th>\r\nIPA<\/a><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u140b\u1426\u148b\u1505\u1456<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\naah<\/strong>chistaa<\/td>\r\naah<\/strong> – chistaa<\/td>\r\n[ a\u02d0 – \u02c8t\u0283ta\u02b0]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

IIH sounds like II<\/p>\r\n
Northern<\/th>\r\nSyllables<\/th>\r\nIPA<\/a><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1432\u1426\u148b\u1491\u14a5\u146d\u14d0<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\npiih<\/strong>chichaamikin<\/td>\r\npiih – chich<\/strong>aami – kin<\/td>\r\n[ pi\u02d0 – \u02c8ts<\/strong>am – k\u026an ]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1410\u1426\u14a5\u1426\u1480\u1511\u1424<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nwiih<\/strong>mihkwaashiu<\/td>\r\nwiih<\/strong>mih – kwaa – shiu<\/td>\r\n\u00a0[ wi\u02d0m\u02b0 – \u02c8k\u0254 – \u0283u\u0294 ]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1410\u1426\u1431\u148b\u1525\u146d\u14c8\u1511\u1424<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nwiih<\/strong>pichishkinaashiu<\/td>\r\nwiih-<\/strong>pi – chishki – naa – shiu<\/td>\r\n\u00a0[ wi\u02d0 – p\u026at\u0283 – k\u026a – \u02c8na – \u0283u\u0294]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
Southern<\/th>\r\nSyllables<\/th>\r\nIPA<\/a><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u14aa\u1525\u146f\u1512\u1426\u1472\u14d0<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nmashkushiih<\/strong>kan<\/td>\r\nmash – ku – shiih – <\/strong>kan<\/td>\r\n\u00a0[ m\u0259\u0283 – \u02c8k\u02b7\u0283i\u02d0 – kan]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

IIH sounds like IIH<\/p>\r\n
Northern<\/th>\r\nSyllables<\/th>\r\nIPA<\/a><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u140e\u1528\u1410\u1426<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nwiyiwiih<\/strong><\/td>\r\nwiyi – wiih<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1410\u1426\u1439\u1505\u1484<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nwiih<\/strong>paaskw<\/td>\r\nwiih<\/strong> – paaskw<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
Southern<\/th>\r\nSyllables<\/th>\r\nIPA<\/a><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1472\u148c\u1426\u1489\u152e\u1424<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nkachiih<\/strong>cheyaau<\/td>\r\nka – chiih – <\/strong>che – yaau<\/td>\r\n\u00a0\u00a0[ka – t\u0283i\u02d0h – t\u0283\u025b – jaw]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1473\u14f0\u1426\u1480\u14d0<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nkaasiih<\/strong>kwaan<\/td>\r\nkaa – siih<\/strong> – kwaan<\/td>\r\n\u00a0[ka – \u02c8si\u02d0h – k\u0254n ]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

<\/a>
<\/p>

H endings<\/h4>\r\n

H is spelled when it is a grammatical ending. H can signify the plural<\/a> form and also the obviative<\/a> form.<\/p>\r\n
Northern<\/th>\r\nSyllables<\/th>\r\nIPA<\/a><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u140a\u14ef\u14c3<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nasinii<\/td>\r\nasi – nii<\/strong><\/td>\r\n\u00a0\u00a0[ \u02c8\u02b0s\u026a – ni\u02d0\u0294]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u140a\u14ef\u14c3\u1426<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nasinii<\/strong>h<\/td>\r\nasi – niih<\/strong><\/td>\r\n\u00a0[ \u02b0s\u026a – \u02c8ni\u02d0h]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
Southern<\/th>\r\nSyllables<\/th>\r\nIPA<\/a><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1489\u148b\u146f\u14d0<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nchechikun<\/strong><\/td>\r\nche – chi – kun<\/strong><\/td>\r\n\u00a0[ t\u0283e – t\u0283\u026a – \u02c8k\u028an]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1489\u148b\u146f\u14d0\u1426<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nchechikunh<\/strong><\/td>\r\nche – chi – kunh<\/strong><\/td>\r\n\u00a0[ t\u0283e – t\u0283\u026a – \u02c8k\u028anh]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

However, you cannot always hear the final H. For example, you cannot hear it in the Northern East Cree word, ATIMH in the following sentence, even though the H is required to indicate the obviative<\/a>. It sounds exactly like the same word without the ending.<\/p>\r\n
<\/th>\r\n<\/th>\r\nNorthern<\/th>\r\n<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u140a\u144e\u14bb\u1426 \u148b\u1410\u1491\u1419\u1424 \u1473\u1431\u14a7\u1426\u1456\u1466<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\natimh<\/strong> chiwiichaawaau kaapimuhtaat<\/td>\r\n[ \u026a – \u02c8t\u028am … ] ‘she was walking with the dog<\/em>.’<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u140a\u144e\u14bb<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\natim<\/strong><\/td>\r\n\u00a0\u00a0[ \u02c8\u026a – t\u028am ]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

Words with an H ending are always accented on the last vowel. In the example sentence above, ATIMH is accented on the last vowel; in contrast, when the word ATIM is by itself, the accent is on the first vowel. The combination of final accent and an -H ending in ATIMH signals a difference in meaning from the word ATIM. It is this combination that allows the pronunciation of the H to be optional; this also explains why the spelling contains the H. For more information, see the page on accent<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n

H is heard but not spelled<\/h3>\r\n

Often, you can hear an H in words which have no H in the spelling. This happens to words in isolation (that is, words that are pronounced by themselves), and to words in sentences. The H in such cases carries no meaning.<\/p>\r\n

Words in isolation<\/h4>\r\n

When words are pronounced by themselves (i.e., not in a sentence), speakers often add an H sound to the end of the word. This type of H does not add any meaning to the word, and it does not co-occur with final accent<\/a>. Because it carries no meaning, this type of H is not spelled. An H sound that is not spelled is particularly obvious with words ending with vowels; listen for the H sound at the end of the following words:<\/p>\r\n
Northern<\/th>\r\nSyllables<\/th>\r\nIPA<\/a><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1403\u152e\u152b\u1426\u140a\u1424<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\niyaayuuhau<\/td>\r\niyaa – yuu – hau<\/td>\r\n\u00a0[ i – ja – \u02c8ju – haw\u02b0]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u1473\u1426\u1473\u148b\u1424<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nkaahkaachiu<\/td>\r\nkaah – kaa – chiu<\/td>\r\n\u00a0[ kah – \u02c8ka – tsu\u02b0 ]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u144f<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\ntii *<\/td>\r\ntii<\/td>\r\n[ ti:\u0294h ]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

* Notice that a glottal stop (sounds like a catch in the throat) can be heard immediately before the final H sound<\/em>.<\/p>\r\n
Southern<\/th>\r\nSyllables<\/th>\r\nIPA<\/a><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u140b\u1426\u148b\u1505\u1456<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\naahchistaa<\/td>\r\naah – chistaa<\/td>\r\n[ a\u02d0 – \u02c8t\u0283ta\u02b0]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

Words in sentences<\/h4>\r\n

In sentences, speakers will sometimes add an H sound between words. This often happens when a word ending with a vowel is followed by a word beginning with a vowel. This makes the pronunciation easier. The H does not add anything to the meaning. Because it has no meaning, this type of H is often not spelled.<\/p>\r\n
Northern<\/th>\r\nSyllables<\/th>\r\nIPA<\/a><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>
\u140b \u140b\u1528\u148b\u1426\u1404\u1419\u14c4\u140e\u14a1<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\naa aa<\/strong>yichihiiwaanuwich<\/td>\r\naa aa<\/strong> – yi – chihii – waa – nuwich<\/td>\r\n\u00a0[ a ha – j\u026a – t\u0283i\u02d0 – wa – \u02c8nu\u0259t\u0283]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n