{"id":10810,"date":"2015-04-14T14:21:05","date_gmt":"2015-04-14T18:21:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/?page_id=10810"},"modified":"2017-07-17T21:10:41","modified_gmt":"2017-07-18T01:10:41","slug":"vai-o","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/en\/grammar\/southern-dialect\/verbs\/cree-verb-classes\/vai-o\/","title":{"rendered":"VAI + O"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

<\/a>VAI + Object<\/h1>\r\n
Observation<\/caption>\r\n
\u14c2\u1432\u1405\u1426\u1456\u1424\u166e<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nnipiiuhtaau.<\/td>\r\n‘S\/he wets it.’<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u14c2\u1432\u1405\u1426\u1456\u1424 \u1405\u1473\u14c2\u148c\u14bb\u166e<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nnipiiuhtaau ukaanichiim.<\/td>\r\n‘She wets her (own) sweater.’<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

Some VAI like \u14c2\u1432\u1405\u1426\u1456\u1424<\/span> nipiiuhtaau<\/span> in the example above, can take an inanimate noun as a goal or object (the inanimate noun \u1405\u1473\u14c2\u148c\u14bb<\/span> ukaanichiim<\/span>). Even when used alone, they have an implicit goal or object (‘it’). Many of these verbs, like \u14c2\u1432\u1405\u1426\u1456\u1424<\/span> nipiiuhtaau<\/span> ‘S\/he wets it’, end in the causative<\/a> suffix -\u1426\u1456\u1424<\/span> -htaau<\/span>.<\/p>\r\n

Such verbs are not really Intransitive, they behave like Transitive Inanimate verbs. However, regular VTI verbs end in -am<\/span>, like \u1427\u140b\u1438\u1426\u1455\u14bb<\/span> waapahtam<\/span>.<\/p>\r\n

They have corresponding VTA forms if an animate goal is used. For example:<\/p>\r\n
\u14c2\u1432\u1405\u1426\u1401\u1424 \u1405\u1438\u1528\u148c\u14ef\u14bb\u1426\u166e<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nnipiiuheu upayichiisimh.<\/td>\r\n‘She gets\u00a0her (own) pants wet.’ (by walking through puddles for example)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
\u14a7\u1427\u1401\u1424 \u140b\u1403\u1426\u146f\u14c8\u1424\u1426\u166e<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nmuweu aaihkunaauh.<\/td>\r\nShe eats bannock (animate)’<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

In the Cree dictionary, and in the Conjugation Guide, we call such verbs VAI+O, for Verb Animate Intransitive + Object. Such verbs have their unspecified actor form (or passive) in -kanuu<\/span>, like VTI verbs.\u00a0Regular VAI verbs have an\u00a0unspecified actor form in -nuu<\/span>.<\/p>\r\n
VAI+O<\/td>\r\n\u1405\u1511\u1426\u1456\u1424\u166e<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nushihtaa-u.<\/td>\r\n‘S\/he makes it.’<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
-kanuu<\/td>\r\n\u1405\u1511\u1426\u1456\u1472\u14c5\u166e<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nushihtaa-kanuu.<\/td>\r\n‘It is being made (by somebody).’<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
-nuu- not possible-<\/td>\r\n–<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n*ushihtaa-nuu.<\/td>\r\n*’There is making going on.’<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

\u00a0<\/p>\r\n
VAI<\/td>\r\n\u14c2\u1439\u1424\u166e<\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/td>\r\nnipaa-u.<\/td>\r\n‘S\/he is sleeping.’<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
-kanuu- not possible<\/td>\r\n–<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n*nipaa-kanuu.<\/td>\r\n‘It is being slept (by somebody).’<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>
-nuu<\/td>\r\n\u14c2\u1439\u14c5\u166e<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nnipaa-nuu.<\/td>\r\n‘There is sleeping (going on).’<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

This is a good way to tell them apart.<\/p>\r\n
\"Click<\/a><\/td>\r\nVAI<\/a><\/td>\r\n\"Click<\/a><\/td>\r\nTop<\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
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